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in  2016 


https  ://arch  i ve . o rg/detai  Is/i  1 1 ustratedcatalOO  u n it_0 


ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  OF 
UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE 
COMPANY’S  COLLECTION  OF 
FIREARMS.  :::::::: 


THE  MOST  COMPLETE  COLLECTION  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  EMBRACING  CROSSBOW  GUNS, 
MATCH-LOCKS,  WHEEL-LOCKS,  SNAPHAUNCE 
LOCKS,  FLINT-LOCKS  AND  PERCUSSION-LOCKS; 
SPECIMENS  OF  THE  DIFFERENT  MUSKETS, 
RIFLES,  CARBINES,  REVOLVERS  AND  PISTOLS 
USED  BY  THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT 
AND  ITS  OPPONENTS  DURING  THE  FRENCH, 
INDIAN,  REVOLUTIONARY,  CIVIL  AND  SPANISH- 
AMERICAN  WARS.  THE  LATEST  TYPES  OF 
MILITARY  ARMS  OF  THE  DIFFERENT  COUN- 
TRIES, INCLUDING  THE  NEW  U.  S.  MODEL  OF 
1903  MAGAZINE  RIFLE,  AND  A FEW  RARE  OLD 
CANNON.  :::::::: 


PUBLISHED  BY 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  COMPANY 

LOWELL,  MASS.,  U.  S.  A. 


“ This  is  the  arsenal.  From  floor  to  ceiling. 

Like  a huge  organ,  rise  the  burnished  arms. 

^ ^ ^ ^ 

When  the  death-angel  touches  those  swift  keys  ! 
What  loud  lament  and  dismal  Miserere 
Will  mingle  with  their  awful  symphonies  !” 

Longfellow  . 


Contents 


Page. 

Introductory 5-15 

Marks  on  U.  S.  Arms 8 

Springfield  Armory:  History 11 

Harper’s  Ferry  Armory:  History 13 

Collection  of  Rare  Old  Cannon 39,  43,  47,  51,  61,  65,  69,  75,  140 

Collection  of  Guns. 

Exhibit  A.  John  Cookson  Breech-loading,  Magazine  Flint-lock  Gun:  Its  His- 
tory and  Description  17 

Exhibit  B.  Ancient  Crossbow  Gun 21 

Exhibit  C.  Old  Match-lock  Gun 23 

Exhibit  D.  English  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece  23 

Case  No.  i.  Arbalists  or  Crossbow  Guns 21 

Case  No.  2.  Ancient  Match-locks 23 

Case  No.  3.  Japanese  Match-locks,  Blunderbusses,  etc 25 

Case  No.  4.  Ancient  Flint-lock  Guns  27 

Case  No.  5.  Flint-lock  Blunderbusses  29 

Case  No.  6.  Flint-lock  Blunderbusses  31 

Case  No.  7.  Flint-lock  Muskets  Used  in  the  Revolutionary  War 33 

Case  No.  8.  Flint-lock  Muskets  Used  in  the  Revolutionary  War 35 

Case  No.  9.  Guns  Made  by  the  United  States  Government.  From  the  Flint- 
lock, Smooth-bore  Musket  of  179910  the  Percussion,  Rifled  Musket  of  i860  37 

Case  No.  10.  United  States  Rifled  and  Smooth-bore  Muskets  Used  in  the  Civil 

War  (War  of  the  Rebellion),  1861  to  1865 41 

Case  No.  ii.  United  States  Rifled  Muskets  Used  in  the  Civil  War  (War  of  the 

Rebellion),  1861  to  1865 45 

Case  No.  12.  Confederate  Guns  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861  to  1865  ....  49 

Case  No.  13.  Foreign-made  Guns  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861  to  1865  ...  53 

Case  No.  14.  United  States  Breech  and  Muzzle  Loading  Guns  Used  in  the 

Civil  War,  1861  to  1865 55 

Case  No.  15.  Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861  to  1865 59 

Case  No.  16.  Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861  to  1865 63 

Case  No.  17.  Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861  to  1865 67 

Case  No.  18.  Breech-loading  Rifles 71 

Case  No.  19.  Repeating  Arms 73 

Case  No.  20.  Magazine  and  Revolving  Rifles 77 

Case  No.  21.  Telescope  and  Sporting  Rifles 81 

Case  No.  22.  Indian  Rifles.  Some  of  these  Rifles  were  Captured  and  Others 
Surrendered  by  Hostile  Indians  (Sioux  and  Cheyenne)  soon  after  the 
Custer  Massacre,  June  26,  1876,  on  the  Little  Bighorn  River,  Wyoming 
Territory 85 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


Case  No.  23.  Indian  Rifles.  Some  of  these  Rifles  were  Captured  and  Others 
Surrendered  by  Hostile  Indians  (Sioux  and  Cheyenne)  soon  after  the 
Custer  Massacre,  June  26,  1876.  on  the  Little  Bighorn  River,  Wyoming 


Territory 87 

Case  No.  24.  Breech-loading  Rifles  Used  in  the  Civil  War.  Mauser  Rifles 

Captured  by  U.  S.  Troops  during  War  with  Spain  89 

Case  No.  25.  United  States  Musketoons;  American  Whaling  Guns,  etc.  . . 93 

Case  No.  26.  Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces;  Wall-pieces 97 

Case  No.  27.  Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces 99 

Case  No.  28.  Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces.  Single  and  Double  Barrel  ....  101 

Case  No.  29.  Sitting  Bull’s,  John  Brown’s,  and  Other  Rifles 103 

Case  No.  30.  Foreign  Flint-lock  Guns,  Etc 107 

Case  No.  31.  Modern  United  States  Guns.  Latest  Model  Guns  Used  in  For- 
eign Countries 109 

U.  S.  Model  of  1903  Magazine  Rifle  m 


Collection  of  Pistols  and  Revolvers. 


Case  No.  40.  Match-lock,  Wheel-lock,  Snaphaunce  lock  and  Flint-lock  Pistols  113 

Case  No.  41.  Flint-lock  Pistols 117 

Case  No.  42.  Revolving  Pistols  (Pepper  Boxes),  Single,  Double,  Three  and 

Four  Barrel  Pistols;  “Knife  Pistols;”  Brass-barrel  Pistols,  etc 121 

Case  No.  43.  Pin-fire  Revolvers,  Magazine  Pistols,  Odd  Pieces,  Primer-lock 

Pistols,  etc 129 

Case  No.  44.  American  Army  and  Navy  Revolvers  and  Pistols  from  1813  to  1865  135 


Miscellaneous  Information. 


Arms  made  and  repaired  at  the  U.  S.  Armory  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  1795-1848  . 83 

Arms  made  and  repaired  at  the  U.  S.  Armory  at  Harper’s  Ferry,  Va.,  1796-1844  91 

Private  armories,  1808,  establishment  of 79 

Private  armories,  list  of 107 

Hall’s  rifle,  history  of 57 

Arms  sold  to  states  by  government,  1808-1812 101 

Comparative  expense  of  manufacturing  a musket  in  1817,  1819  and  1821  . . 83,  104 

Arsenals  and  depots  in  the  United  States  in  1822 82 

The  “Allen,”  1832 1 19 

Cartridges  for  small  arms,  1839 90 

Statement  on  ordnance  purchased  in  Europe,  1832,  1840 94 

Note  on  output  of  armories  in  1842 74 

Arms  falling  into  Confederate  hands  at  beginning  of  Civil  War 50 

Statement  of  arms  manufactured  at  the  Springfield  Armory  during  the  Civil  War  83 
Shots  per  minute  with  breech-loading  rifles',  1866.  Government  test  ....  56 

Note  on  breech-loading  arms  before  and  during  Civil  War 78 

Arms  adopted  by  foreign  countries  and  in  use  in  1898 95 

Systems  used  by  foreign  countries  and  in  use  in  1880 105 

Diameters  of  gun  barrels  and  leaden  balls 1 1 5 

Caliber,  length  and  weight  of  small  arms 42 

Paper  and  metallic  ammunition,  metallic  cartridges 127 


\ 


4 


Introductory. 


IN  PREPARING  this  Catalogue  for  publication,  the  United  States 
Cartridge  Company  has  studied  to  avoid  omissions  and  mistakes 
in  the  description  of  the  fire-arms,  etc.,  herein  illustrated;  and, 
while  probably  a few  mistakes  are  unavoidably  made,  and  an  incomplete 
description  of  certain  arms  given,  the  Catalogue  is  believed  to  be  nearly 
correct. 

All  fire-arms  mentioned  in  this  Catalogue,  unless  otherwise  described, 
are  muzzle-loading,  iron-mounted,  have  iron  barrels  and  plain  black 
walnut  stocks. 

The  figures  following  the  word  “calibre”  (which  is  abbreviated  for 
convenience  “cal.”)  represent  the  diameter  of  the  bore  of  the  barrel  in 
hundredths  of  an  inch.  To  illustrate:  the  model  of  1822  U.  S.  musket 
is  cal.  .69=69-100  of  1 inch;  the  model  of  1855  is  cal.  .58  = 58-100  of 
1 inch.  (Calibre  in  metric  system  given  in  millimeters,  abbreviated 
“mm.”) 

The  calibre  of  the  arms  of  all  nations  has  been  gradually  decreasing 
for  years. 

It  will  hardly  be  expected  that  this  Catalogue,  issued  for  the  purpose 
of  describing  the  arms  exhibited,  will  give  a complete  history  of  Fire- 
arms. To  do  so  would  increase  its  size  beyond  convenience.  Collectors 
are  referred  to  works  to  be  found  in  large  libraries  for  the  history  in  full 
of  Fire-arms,  brief  mention  of  which  is  here  given. 

No  publication  has,  in  the  six  hundred  consulted  by  the  writer,  given 
the  actual  date  of  the  first  hand  fire-arm.  Its  first  appearance  was  at  the 
same  time  as  the  breech-loading  cannon,  both  being  of  large  bore,  and 
invented  at  the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century.  Considering  them 
as  they  differ  in  the  mechanism  of  their  locks,  they  are : 

The  Hand  Cannon  ; earlier  part  of  fourteenth  century.  Forged  iron. 
Very  crude  at  first.  Fastened  to  a block  of  wood.  Too  large  to  be  fired 
from  the  shoulder.  The  vent  or  touch-hole  in  the  top  of  the  barrel.  The 
first  improvement  in  this  “model”  was  a cover  or  plate,  to  keep  the  pow- 
der dry,  etc. 


5 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


The  Portable  Hand  Cannon  ; middle  to  the  end  of  fourteenth  century. 
Differs  from  its  father  in  having  some  shape  to  the  wood.  Not  unlike  a 
stock,  and  capable  of  being  shouldered.  Beginning  with  this  arm  we  find 
the  vent  on  the  right  side,  and  a pan  added  to  hold  the  priming.  A cover 
was  also  added,  moved  by  hand.  This  arm  is  known  to  have  been  made 
in  1453.  These  arms  were  fired  by  a match  held  in  the  hand.  The  first 
lock  appears  to  have  been  a piece  of  yellow  metal,  S-shaped,  pivoted  at 
the  center,  the  upper  point  slit  and  holding  the  match,  the  lower  part  pro- 
longed like  the  lever  in  a cross-bow;  its  weight  keeping  the  match  raised 
above  the  pan  till  the  “trigger”  was  compressed. 

Next  comes  the  true  Match-lock.  The  first  arm  having  in  the  lock  a 
spring.  Made  at  first  with  the  projecting  open  pan,  they  were  improved 
by  a cover  for  it.  Owing  to  their  simplicity  and  cheapness  match-locks 
were  used  over  two  hundred  years. 

'Idle  Wheel-lock  (Gun)  was  invented  in  Germany.  Nuremberg  is 
by  all  authorities  credited  as  its  birthplace;  the  time,  between  1509  and 
1517.  Seventy  writers  do  not  differ  eight  years,  and  it  is  probable  that 
the  specimen  claimed  to  be  made  in  1509  was  made  in  1569.  This  would 
fix  the  date  15 15-17,  and  leave  the  amateur  collector  free  to  settle  in  his 
mind  which  is  correct  to  label  his  first  wheel-lock.  Sulphurous  pyrites 
replaced  the  match. 

Beautiful  specimens  of  wheel-lock  pistols  may  be  seen  in  the  case  of 
early  pistols  in  this  exhibit.  Space  will  permit  only  a very  brief  descrip- 
tion of  the  wheel-lock.  Screwed  into  the  jaws  of  the  cock,  which  was  in 
front  of  the  pan,  and  pointed  to  the  rear,  was  the  pyrites.  The  pan  had 
a sliding  cover.  A steel  wheel  having  projections,  which,  when  in  con- 
tact with  the  stone,  produced  sparks  setting  off  the  powder.  Motion 
was  given  by  a ribbon  spring,  which  was  wound  up  as  is  a clock;  releas- 
ing the  spring  fired  the  gun. 

The  Snaphaunce  Gun, deriving  its  name  from  a pecking  hen,  followed 
the  wheel-lock.  The  wheel  was  replaced  by  a cock,  which  struck  a “bat- 
tery,” or  cover  (steel-faced),  covering  the  pan.  It  still  used  pyrites  to 
cause  the  spark,  and  was  the  forerunner  of  the  flint-lock.  The  earliest 
known  snaphaunce  pistol  dates  1598. 

The  Flint-lock  Gun  was  invented  about  1630.  It  appears  on  equally 
good  authority  to  have  been  first  made  in  France  and  Spain. 

Percussion  dates  back  to  1807.  Invented  by  Rev.  A.  John  Forsyth. 
First  used  in  form  of  powder  ignited  by  a punch,  and  hence  the  name 
“Punch-lock.”  Later  used  in  pills,  and  the  arm  known  as  a Pill-lock. 

The  copper  percussion  cap  was  invented  in  1818,  and  is  accredited  to 
Joseph  Egg,  England. 


\ 


6 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Note. — The  Air-gun,  of  which  a good  specimen  is  shown,  was 
invented  in  1 560  in  Germany. 

Collectors  will  find  the  following  table  useful  in  distinguishing  old 
English  muskets  from  French  muskets  in  cases  where,  from  rust  or  age, 
no  engraving  or  marks  are  visible,  or  where  the  original  lock  is  gone : 


English. 

French. 

Length  of  original  musket, 

42  inches 

44.72  inches 

Length  of  bayonet. 

17  inches 

15  inches 

Diameter  of  the  bore  (cal.). 

•75 

.69,  .70 

Diameter  of  the  ball  fired. 

.676 

•65 

Weight  of  the  ball  fired. 

] .06  oz. 

.958  oz. 

Weight  of  the  arm  and  bayonet, 

12.25  lbs. 

10.98  lbs. 

Length  of  the  barrel  and  bayonet, 

59  inches 

59.72  inches 

The  English  “Enfield"  Rifle,  perfected  in  1853,  and  adopted  in  1854, 
takes  its  name  from  the  place  where  it  was  first  made.  The  original  mus- 
ket, the  “Minie,”  adopted  in  1851,  differs  from  the  Model  of  1858, 
“Enfield,”  in  both  caliber  and  weight.  The  “Minie”  weighed  10  lbs. 
8f  oz.,  and  was  cal.  .702  The  Model  of  1858,  “Enfield,"  the  gun  used  in 
the  Civil  War  on  both  sides,  weighs  9 lbs.  and  is  cal.  .577,  and  was  con- 
sidered the  highest  type  of  its  class  at  the  time. 

Old  English  military  arms  have  engraved  on  the  lock,  back  of  cock, 

“TOWER,”  or  CASTLE  (which  designates  the  place  of  inspection), 
and  near  the  center  of  the  lock,  between  the  cock  and  the  pan,  the  Eng- 
lish crown,  (|§g>,  over  the  initials  GE  (showing  the  arm  was  made  during 
the  reign  of  King  George).  There  ruled  in  England  four  kings  of  this 
name:  George  I (1714-1727),  George  II  (1727-1760),  George  III  (1760- 
1820),  George  IV  (1820-1830). 

To  the  left  of  the  crown  (toward  muzzle)  is  usually  seen  the  “broad 
arrow,”  <-&,  signifying  government  ownership. 

Note. — Comparatively  few  of  the  older  English  army  guns  show  any 
dates.  The  period  of  manufacture  may  be  determined,  however,  by  the 
style  of  the  characters  and  the  work.  Arms  made  during  the  reign  of 
William  and  Mary  (1680-1702)  are  engraved  “W  & M Queen  Anne 
(1702-1714),  “AR William  IV  (1830-1837),  “WR;”  Queen  Victoria 
(1837-1901),  “VR.” 


7 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


Marks  on  U.  S.  Arms. 

Inspected  barrels  were  first  stamped  with  the  “proof-mark,”  viz.,  the 
initials  of  the  inspector's  name,  with  the  letter  “P.”  under  them,  placed 
on  the  left  side  of  the  barrel,  just  above  the  left  flat,  and  about  one  inch 
from  the  breech;  in  addition  to  the  proof-mark  the  letters  “U.  S.”  were 
stamped  on  the  top  of  the  barrel  one  inch  from,  and  the  year  of  fabrica- 
tion underneath  those  letters  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  barrel, 
ending  at  the  breech. 

Note. — During  the  forties  inspectors  were  ordered  to  stamp  the  bar- 
rels as  follows  : The  proof-mark  to  be  the  letter  “V.”  for  viewed,  “P.”  for 
proved,  with  the  eagle’s  head  under  them,  stamped  thus:  >a#£25f,  on  the 
left  square  of  the  barrel,  opposite  the  cone-seat,  and  the  year  of  fabrica- 
tion on  the  top  of  the  barrel,  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  barrel, 
ending  at  .25  inch  from  the  breech. 

Locks. 

On  the  earlier  arms  the  place  and  year  of  fabrication  are  stamped  on 
the  face  of  the  lock-plate  in  rear  of  the  cock;  at  the  National  Armories  an 
'gjf  and  the  letters  “U.  S.”  are  stamped  on  the  lock-plate  under  the  pan  ; 
at  private  armories  the  letters  “U.  S.”  and  the  name  of  the  contractor. 

Note. — A few  exceptions  to  this  method  are  noticeable.  W.  T. 
Evans  of  Valley  Forge,  Pa.,  frequently  stamped  an  eagle  on  locks.  B. 
Evans  of  Valley  Forge  stamped  his  name  over  and  Valley  Forge  under 
an  eagle,  curving  the  letters  into  an  oval.  N.  Starr  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  stamped  one  half  of  a large  six-pointed  star  under  “U.  S.”  and 
over  his  name.  E.  Whitney  of  Whitneyville  (New  Haven),  Conn., 
stamped  locks  in  the  thirties  both  ways,  with  and  without  an  inverted 
arrow  crossing  a branch  of  laurel,  under  “U.  S.”  and  over  his  name : 


E,¥H  ITN  EY 

Some  of  the  earlier-made  government  armory  locks  have  the  “U.  S.” 
on  a shield  in  front  on  the  eagle ; others  the  name  of  armory  in  a curve  in 
front  of  cock. 

8 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Mountings. 

The  letters  “U.  S.”  are  stamped  on  the  tang  of  the  bntt-plate  of  all 
arms  made  by  or  for  the  government. 

Bayonets 

Are  stamped  on  the  face  of  the  blade,  near  the  neck,  with  the  letters 
“U.  S.”  Beginning  with  the  Model  of  1840  the  bayonet  has  a clasp. 

Ramrods. 

The  rods  of  the  earlier  models  are  stamped  near  the  head. 

Stocks 

Are  stamped  on  the  left  side  (opposite  the  lock)  with  the  initials  of  the 
inspector’s  name. 

Locks  approved  on  inspection  are  stamped  on  the  underside  of  the 
pan  with  the  inspector’s  initials.  (This  rule  applies  to  flint-locks.) 

The  Model  of  1855  called  for  a magazine  with  cover  in  the  lock-plate, 
and  the  eagle  is  stamped  on  the  cover,  the  place  and  year  of  fabrication 
are  stamped  on  the  face  of  the  lock — the  year  in  rear  of  the  hammer,  and 
the  name  of  the  armory  in  front  of  the  magazine,  with  the  “U.  S.”  over  it. 
This  was  the  first  arm  provided  with  the  Maynard  primer-lock  (so  called 
tape-lack). 

Note. — These  locks  made  during  the  fifties  by  the  Remingtons  had 
stamped  across  end  of  lock-plate,  in  rear  of  hammer  : REMINGTON’S 

and  a small  knob  was  riveted  into  center  of  the  mag-  ILION.N.Y. 
azine  cover.  185- 

U.S. 


Civil  War  Period. 

At  the  Springfield  Armory  (and  at  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory  up  to 
April  18th,  1861),  the  date  of  manufacture  was  stamped  in  rear  of  the 
hammer,  the  between  the  hammer  and  the  cone,  and  “SPRING- 
FIELD”  (or  HARPER’S  FERRY),  with  the  letters  “U.  S.”  over  it, 
under  the  cone  (nipple). 


9 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


No  common  method  appears  to  have  been  followed  by  the  “con- 
tractors,” who,  as  a rule,  stamped  locks  as  they  saw  fit.  A few  cases  are 
illustrated  : 

The  Eag'le  Manufacturing  Company  of  Mansfield,  Conn.,  stamped 
the  date  in  the  rear  of  hammer,  and  in  front  of  hammer,  under  the  cone, 
an  and  “EAGLEVILLE”  under  the  letters  “U.  S.” 

The  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  of  Manchester,  N.  H., 
stamped  the  ^ between  the  letters  “U.  S."  over  its  name  and  place  of 
manufacture. 

S.  Norris  and  W.  T.  Clement  stamped  the  ^ over  the  letters 

“S.  N.  .&  W.  T.  C.” 

“U.  S.”  in  front  of  the  hammer,  and  FOR  under  the 

“MASSACHUSETTS,” 

cone. 


One  with  the  ^ stamped  in  front  of  the  hammer,  and  under  the 
cone,  above  “1862,”  and  under  the  letters  “U.  S.”  “NEW  YORK.” 


One  made  by  E.  Whitney,  stamped  “1863”  in  rear  of  hammer,  the 
above  the  letters  “U.  S.”  in  front  of  the  hammer,  and  under  the 
cone  “WHITNEY-VILLE.” 


The  Trenton  Arms  Company,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  stamped  the  word 
“TRENTON”  under  the  “U.  S ” 


The  Bridesburg  Machine  Works,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (Alfred  Jenks  & 
Son),  stamped  the  word  “BRIDESBURG”  under  the  “U.  S.” 


I hese  few  illustrate  the  variety  existing,  and  lack  of  uniformity. 


Note. — The  interested  collector  will  notice  in  the  cases  of  Civil  War 
arms,  guns  made  Model  of  1861  assembled  with  a lock  Model  of  1863. 
This  is  due  to  locks  of  the  ’63  Model,  and  made  in  ’63,  ’64  or  ’65,  being  put 
on  guns  made  in  '61  or  ’62. 


10 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


The  Model  of  1863  corresponds  with  the  Model  of  1861,  except  as  fol- 
lows : The  end  of  the  muzzle  is  rounded  to  prevent  being  damaged  by 
bruises.  The  hammer  is  different  in  shape  and  has  flat  surface  beveled. 
The  “swell”  is  omitted  on  the  ramrod.  Band  springs  are  discarded,  and 
the  bands  open,  fastened  by  screws.  The  lock  is  case-hardened  in  colors, 
and  the  bands,  swivels  and  guard  blued. 

Beginning  with  the  adoption  of  breech-loading  arms  made  at  Spring- 
field,  Mass.,  in  1866,  barrels  are  stamped  on  the  upper  left  side, 

just  in  front  of  the  receiver.  The  breech-blocks  are  stamped  “U.  S.” 
“Model;”  also  with  the  year  of  adoption  of  model  just  in  rear  of  the 
hinge.  The  number  of  the  gun  is  stamped  on  the  upper  rear  portion  of 
the  receiver.  Guns  found  satisfactory  after  testing  are  stamped  “P”  on 
the  under  side  of  the  stock,  in  rear  of  the  guard-plate. 

Locks. 

The  place  of  fabrication  is  stamped  on  the  lock-plate  with  the  letters 
“U.  S.”  over  it.  An  W is  stamped  just  in  rear  of  the  former  stamps. 


The  initials  of  the  inspector’s  name  (master  armorer  or  principal 
inspector)  are  stamped  on  the  stock  opposite  the  rear  end  of  the  lock  in 
italics. 

The  letters  “U.  S.”  are  stamped  on  the  tang  of  the  butt-plate. 
Bayonets  are  stamped  “U.  S.”  on  the  face  of  the  blade  near  the  neck. 


Springfield  was  the  first  town  settled  in  western  Massachusetts. 
Its  situation  recommended  it  as  a depot  for  military  stores,  and  a place 
for  the  repair  and  manufacture  of  munitions  of  war  during  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  first  work  ever  done  in  Springfield  was  repairing  arms,  and 
manufacturing  cartridges  and  fireworks.  During  the  Revolution  it  was 
a recruiting-post  and  rendezvous  for  soldiers.  In  1778  and  1779  the  gov- 
ernment works  were  established  on  a portion  of  their  present  site  on  the 


Being  centrally  situated,  easy  of  access,  and  at  the  same  time  so  far 
inland  as  to  be  out  of  the  reach  of  sudden  invasions  of  the  enemy,  it 


Finished  Arms. 


Armory 


hill. 


1 1 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


had  been  early  in  the  war  fixed  upon  as  a suitable  place  for  making  and 
repairing  the  various  war  goods  mentioned.  The  various  artificers 
employed  had  their  shops  where  they  could  find  a convenient  place  and 
resided  all  over  town.  The  laboratory  for  cartridges  and  for  the  differ- 
ent fireworks  manufactured  on  such  occasions  was  in  the  barn  of  Eben- 
ezer  Stebbins. 

After  two  or  three  years  the  public  works  were  removed  to  the 
hill  where  they  are  now.  This  was  done  gradually  in  the  years  1778  and 
1779  as  accommodations  could  be  made.  A few  cannon  were  cast  here 
during  the  war,  but  no  small  arms  were  manufactured  until  1795.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  the  workmen  employed  were  discharged,  and  the 
arsenals,  magazines  and  shops  were  left  in  the  charge  of  a store-keeper. 

When  the  subject  of  making  arms  was  under  the  consideration  of 
the  national  government  in  1794,  the  convenience  of  the  place  and  the 
arsenals,  magazines,  etc.,  were  a sufficient  inducement  to  establish  the 
National  Armory  here. 

The  manufacturing  of  arms  commenced  in  1795  with  about  forty 
hands. 

From  July  10,  1793,  to  September  1,  1801,  $230,251.23  was  spent  at 
the  Armory  at  Springfield,  and  front  Oct.  1,  1793,  to  June  30,  1801, 
$75,214.98  at  Harper’s  Ferry. 

In  1802  the  superintendent  of  the  Springfield  Armory  was  David 
Ames;  salary,  $840;  rations,  3;  total,  $993.30.  Master  Armorer,  Robert 
Orr  ; salary,  $600 ; rations,  2 ; total,  $702.20. 

There  were  1020  more  muskets  made  in  1811  than  in  1854;  113,406 
muskets  altered  to  percussion  in  1850-51  ; 50,000  muskets  repaired  1809 
to  1822,  omitting  1811  and  1812. 

The  Assessors’  report  for  1837  relative  to  the  Armory  states  public 
land  and  buildings,  value  $210,000;  machinery,  $50,000;  number  of 
muskets  on  hand,  170,000,  value  $2,040,000;  number  manufactured  year 
1836-37,  14,000,  $154,000.  Hands  employed,  260. 

In  1847  and  1848  at  Springfield  were  manufactured  3,600  “short- 
model”  muskets,  differing  very  little  in  appearance  from  the  Infantry 
Musketoon  of  1842.  These  light-weight  guns  were  especially  made  for 
Fremont’s  Expedition  in  1858,  the  Mormon  War  affair. 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Harper’s  Ferry 

Was  named  after  Robert  Harper,  an  English  millwright,  who  obtained  a 
grant  of  it  in  1748  from  the  owner,  Lord  Fairfax,  a friend  of  George 
Washington,  who  first  surveyed  it,  and  personally  selected  it  as  the 
site  for  the  National  Armory  in  1794.  The  population  was  then  1762, 
Robert  Harper  did  not  settle  Harper’s  Ferry.  It  was  selected  as  the  site 
of  the  Southern  National  Armory  at  the  time  Springfield  was, 
Congress  in  1794  having  authorized  two  National  Armories  to  be  estab- 
lished. 

No  records  or  guns  are  to  be  found  which  show  any  manufacturing 
of  arms  at  the  Ferry  before  1801.  Little  of  interest,  outside  of  Hall's 
going  there  in  1816,  is  attached  to  the  Ferry  until  the  John  Brown  raid, 
followed  by  the  destruction  of  the  Arsenal  in  1861.  The  first  superin- 
tendent at  the  Armory  was  a Mr.  Perkins,  an  English  Moravian. 

The  capacity  of  the  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory  was  from  1,500  to  2,000 
guns  a month,  and  the  rifles  made  there  were  considered  the  best  in  the 
world.  The  Harper’s  Ferry  Yerger  enjoyed,  in  its  day,  a reputation 
second  to  no  weapon  of  the  small  arms  kind  in  the  world.  It  was  known 
as  the  Mississippi  rifle,  Jefferson  Davis’  company  coming  from  that  State 
and  being  armed  with  the  Yerger  in  the  Mexican  War. 

All  government  records  of  Harper's  Ferry  perished  in  the  fire  which 
destroyed  the  Arsenal,  April  18th,  1861.  "The  avowed  purpose  and 
declared  obligation  of  the  Federal  government  was  to  occupy  and  possess 
the  property  belonging  to  the  United  States,  yet  one  of  the  first  acts 
was  to  set  fire  to  the  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory,  the  only  establishment  of 
the  kind  in  the  Southern  States,  and  the  only  southern  depository  of  the 
rifles  which  the  government  had  then  on  hand.” — Jefferson  Davis. 

In  April,  1861,  the  defense  at  Harper’s  Ferry  consisted  of  forty-two 
regulars  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Roger  Jones,  this  company  of  mili- 
tary having  been  kept  there  by  the  government  for  the  protection  of  the 
place  since  the  John  Brown  raid. 

Acting  under  orders  given  by  Captain  Kingsbury  (sent  there  the 
day  before  from  W ashington  to  take  charge  of  the  Armory,  the  superin- 
tendent, Col.  Barbour,  having  moved  away),  Lieut.  Jones  blew  up  the 
Arsenal  at  9 o’clock  in  the  evening,  April  18th,  1861,  and  with  the  forty 
odd  “regulars”  made  tracks  for  Washington  city. 

About  this  time  the  Confederate  force,  numbering  300  odd — 
although  supposed  to  be  over  3,000 — arrived  and,  aided  bv  the  citizens 
and  employees,  put  out  the  fire  and  to  a certain  extent  defeated  the  ends 


13 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


intended.  The  Arsenal,  between  16.000  and  17,000  finished  rifles  and 
muskets,  and  the  carpenter  shop  were  totally  destroyed.  Master  Arm- 
orer Amistead  M.  Ball  so  bravely  and  skillfully  directed  these  efforts 
that  a large  portion  of  the  gunmaking  machinery,  material  and  unfinished 
arms  were  saved,  and  when  boxed  were  sent  by  rail  to  Winchester  (the 
terminus  of  the  road),  thence  by  wagons  to  Strasburg,  at  which  place 
the  confiscated  property  was  turned  over  to  the  Manassas  Gap  Railroad, 
and  forwarded  to  Richmond,  Va.  By  the  18th  of  June  all  of  this  material 
was  removed.  The  machinery  thus  secured  was  divided  between  the 
arsenals  established  by  the  Confederates  at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  Fayette- 
ville, N.  C.,  and  when  installed,  supplied  to  a great  extent  the  want  which 
existed  in  the  South,  of  means  for  the  alteration  and  repair  of  old  or 
injured  arms,  and  finally  contributed  to  increase  the  scanty  supply  of 
arms  which  existed  in  the  Confederacy  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War. 

In  connection  with  the  removal  of  all  this  machinery,  it  may  interest 
us  to  follow  the  skilled  workmen  and  see  what  became  of  them.  Best 
known  was  the  superintendent,  Mr.  A.  M.  Barbour.  He  was  elected  to 
the  convention  in  Virginia  to  represent  the  Union  sentiment  of  Jefferson 
County.  While  in  Richmond  he  fell  a victim  to  secession  and  turned 
traitor  to  the  government. 

Master  Armorer  Ball,  whose  capacity,  zeal  and  courage  prior  to 
and  during  the  fire  deserve  more  than  a passing  notice,  promptly  showed 
his  colors  and  went  to  Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  with  the  machinery  sent  there, 
but  like  the  ship  which,  after  having  weathered  the  storm,  goes  down 
in  the  calm,  this  master  armorer,  other  than  whom  there  was  none  better 
in  this  country,  soon  after  assuming  his  new  position  was  found  one 
morning  dead  in  bed. 

The  following  extracts  from  letters  written  to  the  War  Department 
at  \\  ashington  during  the  war  show  where  some  of  the  skilled  help  went. 

In  a letter  dated  Oct.  8,  1861,  to  the  Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  at  Wash- 
ington, sent  by  the  gun  firm,  John  S.  Gallaher  & Co.,  is  a memorandum 
which  reads:  "I  met  a party  yesterday  whose  foreman  is  an  old  Harper's 
Ferry  barrel-maker,  and  he  proposed  to  furnish  6,000  barrels  per  month. 
I have  also  four  responsible  parties  who  agreed  to  deliver  me  from  6,000 
to  10,000  barrels  each,  after  sixty  days.  1 have  two  responsible  parties 
to  furnish  the  stocks  and  three  to  furnish  the  locks,  all  old  Harper's 
berry  workmen,  so  with  these  men  to  put  the  guns  together,  10,000  per 
month  can  be  turned  out.” 

Enclosure  with  a letter  sent  to  Washington  Aug.  31,  1861  : 

"We  have  two  establishments,  one  at  Boston  under  the  control  of 
the  Boston  Arms  Co.,  the  other  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  where,  besides  the 


14 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


hands  that  are  now  there,  are  250  of  the  hands  that  were  at  the  Harper’s 
Ferry  Armory,  now  suffering  for  work,  who  will  go  to  work  in  it.  This 
plant  will  be  managed  by  the  later  superintendent  of  the  Hall  Rifle 
Works  at  Harper’s  Ferry.” 

In  March,  1865,  the  machinery  used  in  manufacturing  arms  at  Fay- 
etteville, which  was  taken  from  Harper’s  Ferry,  was  loaded  on  the  flat 
cars  of  a coal  company  running  to  Egypt,  Chatham  County,  carried 
there,  unloaded  and  secreted.  Egypt  was  the  site  of  large  coal  mines, 
owned  and  operated  (before  the  war)  by  Philadelphia  capitalists.  These 
mines  were  confiscated  by  the  Confederate  government  and  leased  to 
Malette  & Brown,  a firm  who  operated  them  with  men  conscripted  for 
the  service.  In  May,  1865,  the  United  States  government,  learning  of 
the  whereabouts  of  this  machinery,  sent  ninety-six  six-mule  teams  there, 
recaptured  it,  together  with  a twelve-pound  “Napoleon”  and  one  load  of 
musket-barrels,  and  removed  it  all  to  Raleigh,  where  it  was  loaded  on 
cars  for  Washington.  Among  other  things  recovered  was  the  die  with 
which  the  letters  “U.  S.”  and  the  “eagle”  were  stamped  on  the  lock-plate, 
at  Harper’s  Ferry.  The  “U.  S.”  had  been  cut  out  and  in  its  place 
“C.  S.  A.”  put  in.  [See  note  under  Gun  207,  page  50.] 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Exhibit  A. 

John  Cookson  Breech-loading  Magazine  Gun:  Its 
History  and  Description. 

The  gun,  as  the  engraving  on  it  indicates,  was  made  by  John  Cook- 
son  in  1586.  The  name  is  evidently  English.  Judging,  however,  from 
the  design  and  character  of  the  work,  and  from  a knowledge  of  the  state 
of  art  in  England  at  that  date;  it  is  surmised  to  have  been  of  Spanish 
origin,  or  at  least  modeled  after  a similar  Spanish  design. 

The  advanced  state  of  the  art  in  Spain  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  together  with  the  facts  that  similar  Spanish  work 
exists,  and  that  a trace  of  Moorish  design  is  visible  in  the  scroll-work  of 
the  engraving,  all  point  to  this  theory.  Strangely  enough,  the  place  of 
residence  of  the  maker  does  not  appear. 

The  gun  found  its  way  to  Maryland,  probably  with  the  early  English 
colonists,  and  was  finally  discovered  in  Baltimore.  It  was  one  of  a 
number  of  guns  confiscated  after  a search  for  arms  by  the  provost  marshal 
in  1863,  and  was  retained  in  the  custody  of  the  United  States  until  after 
the  close  of  the  Rebellion.  It  remained  unclaimed  until  1867,  and  was 
finally  thrown  in  the  scrap-heap,  where  it  was  picked  up  by  a scavenger, 
who  sold  it  for  a nominal  sum. 

In  the  fall  of  1888  the  gun  was  brought  to  the  shop  of  Richard 
Heinze,  a gunsmith  of  Baltimore,  by  a man  who  asked  to  have  it  repaired 
and  changed  to  a percussion-lock.  Mr.  Heinze  examined  it,  saw  that  it 
was  extremely  rusty,  and  considered  it  of  little  or  no  value.  The 
alteration  of  the  lock  was  out  of  the  question.  He  finally  bought  the  gun 
for  a trifling  sum  and  put  it  away  with  a number  of  others.  Some  two 
months  later  he  made  a closer  examination  of  the  gun.  and  became 
greatly  interested  in  his  "find.”  He  at  once  began  removing  the  rust, 
and  labored  faithfully  at  its  restoration  for  eleven  days,  until  he  had  put 
it  in  its  present  perfect  condition.  The  old  arm  has  been  loaded  and 
fired  several  times,  and  a good  score  made. 

Aside  from  the  excellence  of  the  workmanship,  the  design  is  worthy 
of  study. 

It  is  difficult  to  tell  whether  the  barrel  is  twist  or  laminated.  The 
butt-plate  is  both  embossed  and  engraved.  The  end-sight  is  a Turkish 


•7 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


crescent.  All  the  metal  work  is  more  or  less  engraved,  showing  flags, 
drums, piles  of  cannon-balls, cannon  being  fired,  stacks  of  muskets,  board- 
ing-pikes, etc.  On  the  top  of  the  barrel  appears,  “JOHN  COOIvSON, 
FECIT”  (made  by  John  Cookson).  On  the  lock  is  a scroll  bearing  the 
maker’s  name ; it  is  being  held  up  at  the  left  by  an  angel,  at  the  right  by  a 
female  figure,  presumably  intended  to  represent  Queen  Elizabeth.  The 
stock  is  made  of  a peculiar  kind  of  wood  unknown  in  this  country.  Iron- 
mounted. 

The  letters  in  the  following  description  refer  to  the  side  sectional 
view.  The  arm  is  a magazine,  smooth-bore,  flint-lock  gun,  firing 
spherical  bullets,  weighing  260  grains,  and  a charge  of  about  125  grains  of 
powder.  It  has  a capacity  of  ten  rounds,  and  a magazine  is  also  fitted  to 
the  lock  for  a similar  number  of  priming  charges. 

It  is  charged  on  the  left  side  through  an  opening  with  a hinged  flap, 
the  bullets  being  poured  into  one  compartment  (a),  and  the  powder  in 
another  adjacent  one  (b). 


These  compartments  connect  by  cylindrical  passages  with  the  central 
chamber  in  the  frame,  in  which  is  located  a solid  cylindrical  block  (c) 
with  its  axis  from  right  to  left. 

This  cylinder  forms  the  recoil-block,  and  is  fitted  with  two  radial 
cavities  large  enough  to  hold  a ball  and  a charge,  and  located  so  that,  in 
revolving,  the  cavities  will  be  opposite  the  passages  from  the  magazine. 
Here  the  ball  drops  into  the  first  cavity  (d),  and  the  powder  into  the 
second  (e),  and  by  revolving  the  cylinder  to  the  front  the  passages  are 
closed,  and  the  ball  and  charge  brought  in  front  of  the  rear  end  of  the 
bore  (f),  the  loading  being  done  with  the  muzzle  held  down.  The 
bullet  then  drops  in  and  the  block  remains  with  the  charge  in  line  with 
the  bore.  The  powder  cavity  is  fitted  with  a diaphragm  (g)  to  prevent 
the  bullet  from  dropping  into  it. 

18 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


The  powder  cavity  or  chamber  is  connected  by  a vent,  through  the 
axis  of  the  cylinder,  with  the  pan. 

The  pan  is  a cavity  in  one  end  of  the  cylinder  or  breech-block  on  the 
right  side,  and  revolves  in  the  lock  in  front  of  the  magazine  containing 
the  priming  charge,  where  at  each  revolution  it  scoops  up  a charge  and 
revolves  it  in  place  under  the  flint,  and  closes  the  opening  to  the 
magazine. 

The  cylindrical  breech-block  is  revolved  by  a lever  on  the  left  side, 
which  also  cocks  the  hammer  and  closes  the  pan. 

This  automatic  action  is  accomplished  by  a stop  on  the  cylinder 
acting  on  a hooked  lever-arm  attached  to  and  pivoted  on  the  hammer. 
The  stop  pushes  the  hammer  back  by  the  lever,  and  the  hook  on  the  latter 
pulls  the  steel-faced  cover  of  the  pan,  known  as  the  “battery,”  into  place. 
The  lock  and  trigger  are  the  ordinary  design ; but  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  the  design  as  regards  sear,  sear  spring,  main-spring,  etc.,  is  the  same 
as  that  used  on  the  latest  flint-lock  guns. 

The  barrel,  front-sight,  and  under-side  of  the  guard  are  all  in  one 
piece,  and  the  carving  and  other  works  show  evidence  of  the  highest 
mechanical  skill. 

The  only  omissions  in  the  provisions  for  all  the  necessary  points  in 
the  design,  from  a mechanical  point  of  view,  are  those  for  inserting  a 
wad,  and  preventing  the  escape  of  gas  through  the  vent.  The  former  is 
partly  compensated  by  making  the  bullet  slightly  larger  than  the  bore, 
and  the  latter  exists  in  all  flint-locks.  From  a military  point  of  view,  the 
design  of  the  arm  gives  evidence  of  being  far  in  advance  of  its  time. 
With  the  magazine  charge,  the  ten  shots  could  be  fired  in  a time  which 
would  compare  very  favorably  with  magazine  guns  of  to-day.  Very  little 
time  is  required  for  charging,  as  it  is  only  necessary  to  fill  the  compart- 
ments with  bullets  and  powder,  with  no  counting  and  measuring.  The 
charges  are  automatically  measured,  and  the  loading  is  fully  as  accurate 
as  that  of  metallic  cartridges. 

Altogether,  the  antiquity,  design,  workmanship,  and  beauty  of  the 
gun  make  it  a most  valuable  and  remarkable  relic. 


'9 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  i. 

Arbalists  or  Crossbow  Guns. 

101  Fourteenth  Century,  German  Pettstol  or  Crossbow  Pistol,  which 

has  peep-sights,  is  iron  mounted  and  finely  engraved. 

102  Sixteenth  Century,  Spanish  Arbalist  or  Crossbow  Gun.  It  is  called 

Goat’s-foot  Crossbow.  This  weapon  was  constructed  either 
with  or  without  stirrup.  The  apparatus  employed  to  bend  this 
crossbow  is  a lever.  From  Madrid,  Spain. 

103  Fourteenth  Century  Arbalist,  with  stirrup  and  windlass  to  set  the 

bow.  This  crossbow  was  formerly  used  in  the  steen  or  prison 
of  the  Spanish  Inquisition  at  Antwerp,  Belgium.  The  windlass 
to  draw  the  bow-string  is  provided  with  two  cranks  and  two 
pulleys ; has  no  fixed  rests,  but  is  always  worked  by  a stirrup. 
Inlaid  stock.  Pistol  grip.  A few  German  archers  were 
experts  in  shooting  this  kind  of  arm. 

104  Windlass  belonging  to  No.  103,  and  described  therein. 

105  Sixteenth  Century  Prod,  a light  crossbow  used  chiefly  in  field 

sports.  The  crossbow  (a  galet  in  French  because  the  missiles 
used  were  stones)  of  the  sixteenth  century  is  the  next  in  order. 
Instead  of  quarrels  or  crossbow  bolts,  this  weapon  shot  leaden 
balls,  and  even  stones.  The  stock,  which  went  between  the  nut 
and  the  bow,  was  generally  curved,  and  often  made  of  iron. 
This  weapon,  of  medium  strength,  is  bent  by  means  of  a lever 
fixed  to  the  stock,  or  with  the  hand  alone. 

106  German  Arbalist  or  Crossbow  Gun.  It  has  peep-sight,  plumb-bob 

for  level,  wind-gauge,  hair-trigger ; stock  gun-shaped,  and 
worm-eaten.  It  has  two  arrows  or  bolts,  which  date  back  to 
the  fifteenth  or  sixteenth  century.  These  dates  mark  the  end 
of  the  Middle  Ages  and  the  beginning  of  the  New  Era,  and  also 
inaugurate  the  introduction  of  shooting  festivals,  and  the  tran- 
sition from  the  use  of  the  crossbow  to  fire-arms.  These  shoot- 
ing festivals  were  occasions  not  only  of  social  enjoyment,  but 
of  preparation  for  whatever  might  come  in  the  shape  of 
invasion  or  internal  dissension,  and  the  spirit  of  liberty  was 
fostered  by  these  gatherings. 

*B  Ancient  Old  Crossbow  Gun,  with  sights,  mahogany  stock,  ivory 
ornaments,  brass-mounted ; shooting  quarrels  or  bolts. 
This  weapon  is  bent  by  means  of  a lever  fixed  to  the  stock,  or 
with  the  hand  alone. 


2 1 


Not  under  glass. 


1 1 2 


III 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  2. 

Ancient  Match-locks. 

108  Fifteenth  Century,  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .70  The  barrel  is  a little 

bell-muzzle,  and  is  fastened  to  the  stock  by  four  copper  bands. 
The  stock  is  badly  worm-eaten. 

109  Sixteenth  Century,  Afghan  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .75  Straight 

stock,  ornamented  barrel.  The  barrel  is  wound  to  the  stock 
with  cord.  From  Afghanistan. 

no  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .45  Barrel  is 
covered  with  sheet  brass.  Very  curiously  shaped  stock, 
crooked  like  a pistol  grip-stock.  It  is  made  to  shoot  from  the 
hip.  This  gun  was  secured  by  Geo.  G.  Accles,  of  the  Gatling 
Gun  Co.,  October  11,  1887,  while  traveling  on  the  Island  of 
Formosa;  was  made  by  natives. 

in  Sixteenth  Century,  Indian  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .65  Barrel  made  of 
wire,  finely  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver.  All  the  mountings 
finely  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver.  The  barrel  is  wound  with 
cord  to  hold  it  to  the  stock.  From  Punjab,  India. 

1 12  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .50  Octagon  barrel,  finely  inlaid 

with  gold;  ebony  stock.  From  the  Island  of  Formosa. 

1 13  Sixteenth  Century,  Indian  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .60  The  barrel  is 

four  square,  with  fancy  muzzle,  and  is  fastened  to  the  stock  by 
four  flat  brass  bands.  Straight  stock.  From  the  Himalaya 
Mountains,  India. 

1 14  Sixteenth  Century,  Afghan  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .50  Peculiar 

shaped  stock ; barrel  fastened  to  the  stock  by  fourteen  brass 
bands.  From  Afghanistan. 

*C  An  old  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  1.  The  barrel  is  slightly  bell-shaped 
at  the  muzzle.  Iron-mounted.  Length,  10  feet.  This  gun 
was  made  in  India  or  China  about  the  year  1413.  It  was  sent 
to  the  United  States  by  the  princes  of  East  India  with  their 
exhibit  to  the  World’s  Fair  at  Chicago,  111.,  and  was  on  exhibi- 
tion in  the  Art  Department  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1893.  It 
is  duly  authenticated  by  credentials  from  the  English  house  in 
Bombay  which  invoiced  the  collection. 

*D  English  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .80  Brass-mounted. 

Length,  7 feet  4J-  inches.  Made  in  England.  It  was  owned  by 
Charles  Brechemia  of  Philadelphia. 


Not  under  glass. 


Sn 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  3. 

Japanese  Match-locks,  Blunderbusses,  etc. 

115  Oriental  Flint-lock  Arquebuse,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  i 1-3  inches.  Iron 

barrel,  inlaid  with  silver  ; bell  muzzle  ; carved  gun-shaped  stock  ; 
used  by  mounted  horsemen ; a very  fine  old  arm.  It  was 
bought  in  Tunis,  Morocco,  by  Captain  Charles  IT.  Saunders  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1889. 

116  Sixteenth  Century,  Wheel-lock  Arquebuse,  cal.  .75  Straight  stock, 

with  a patch-box  having  a sliding  wooden  cover.  This  gun  was 
purchased  of  Jerome  Remington  of  Vosburg,  Pa. 

117  English  Wheel-lock  Gun,  cal.  .50  Barrel  and  lock  finely  engraved; 

carved  stock,  having  patch-box  with  sliding  cover ; brass- 
mounted.  Made  in  England. 

1 18  Wheel-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .48  A gold  stamp  upon  the  barrel,  which  is 

finely  engraved;  engraved  lock  marked  “I.  G.  D.”;  carved 
stock,  having  a sharp-pointed  spur  in  the  butt-plate,  and  a 
patch-box  with  sliding  cover ; brass-mounted.  Made  in  Ger- 
many. 

1 19  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .75  Octagon 

barrel,  finely  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver;  brass  lock,  and 
mounted;  mahogany  stock.  From  Japan. 

120  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .60  Octagon 

barrel,  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver;  Japanese  inscription  on  the 
barrel;  ebony  stock;  brass-mounted.  From  Japan. 

121  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  1.  Octagon 

barrel,  finely  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver ; brass  lock  ; copper  and 
brass  bands.  From  Japan. 

122  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .65  Copper 

and  brass  bands;  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver;  brass  lock,  ham- 
mer and  guard.  From  Japan. 

123  Seventeenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Gun,  cal.  .75  Octagon 

barrel,  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver ; brass-mounted  ; live  oak 
stock.  From  Japan. 

124  Oriental  Flint-lock  Arquebuse,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  ij  inches.  Bell- 

muzzle,  iron  barrel.  On  the  stock  on  the  opposite  side  from 
the  lock  is  a projection  known  as  a belt-hook.  Brass-mounted; 
stock  ornamented.  From  Mexico. 


2 5 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  4. 

Ancient  Flint-lock  Guns. 

125  Seventeenth  Century,  Spanish  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .55  Barrel 

fastened  to  the  stock  by  six  silver  bands  ; stock  finely  orna- 
mented with  ivory,  some  of  which  is  colored.  This  gun  was 
picked  up  on  the  battle-field  of  Gibraltar  by  a native,  about  the 
year  1765.  This  battle  terminated  the  Moorish  rule  in  Gibral- 
tar. The  gun  was  kept  in  the  family  until  about  the  year  1845, 
when  it  was  presented  to  Admiral  Clary  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  who  retired  a number  of  years  ago.  Obtained  from  the 
Admiral’s  family. 

126  Seventeenth  Century,  Persian  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .70  Barrel 

engraved,  and  partly  covered  with  ornamental  sheet  brass ; 
stock  ornamented  with  tacks,  etc.  From  Kerman,  Persia. 

127  Oriental  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Octagon  barrel,  inlaid  with 

silver,  and  fastened  to  the  stock  by  four  silver  bands.  It  has  a 
gold  stamp  upon  the  barrel ; lock  inlaid  with  silver.  From 
Harran,  Asiatic  Turkey. 

128  Arabian  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .60  Barrel  inlaid  with  silver  and 

fastened  to  the  stock  by  five  silver  bands ; stock  finely  inlaid 
with  mother-o-pearl.  From  Mecca,  Arabia. 

129  Moorish  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .75  Barrel  inlaid  with  silver  orna- 

ments, and  fastened  to  the  stock  by  three  bands  ornamented 
with  silver.  From  Morocco. 

130  Turkish  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .70  Barrel  fastened  to  the  stock  by 

four  silver  bands;  inlaid  with  mother-o-pearl.  From  Taurus 
Mountains,  Turkey. 

131  Oriental  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Octagon  barrel,  finely  inlaid 

with  gold,  and  fastened  to  the  stock  by  five  silver  bands.  The 
stock  is  inlaid  with  gold  and  colored  ivory.  From  Constanti- 
nople. 

132  Arabian  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .68  Barrel  a little  bell-muzzle,  and 

finely  inlaid  with  gold;  stock  covered  with  ornamental  iron, 
inlaid  with  silver;  of  excellent  workmanship.  From  Asia. 

133  Oriental  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .70  Barrel  fastened  to  the  stock  by 

seven  brass  bands;  stock  inlaid  with  mother-o-pearl.  From 
Constantinople. 

134  Seventeenth  Century,  Persian  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .68  Barrel 

fastened  to  the  stock  by  six  brass  bands.  Very  peculiar-shaped 
stock.  From  Kerman,  Persia. 


27 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  5. 

Flint-lock  Blunderbusses. 

135  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  Brass  barrel, 

cannon-shaped  muzzle;  brass  mounted.  Stock  worm-eaten. 
A very  old  arm.  Marked,  “SMART,  GLOUCESTER.” 

136  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  Bell- 

shaped muzzle ; brass-mounted.  On  the  lock  is  engraved 
GR,  under  a itf.  Made  about  1800. 

137  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  2 inches. 

Engraved  on  the  lock,  “TOWER,”  and  GR,  under  a l|f  and  a 
<-&.  This  is  a very  old  gun,  about  the  first  blunderbuss  made. 

138  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  This 

blunderbuss  was  carried  on  the  stage-coach  for  protection  of 
passengers  and  the  mails  from  highwaymen.  It  was  owned  by 
a gentleman  in  Northumberland,  England,  and  had  been  in  his 
family  more  than  a century. 

139  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches. 

Brass  barrel,  cannon-shaped  muzzle.  Marked  on  the  barrel, 
“LONDON.” 

140  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  Is  called  an 

Irish  blunderbuss.  Brass  barrel,  bell-shaped  muzzle. 

141  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  Iron 

barrel,  bell-shaped  muzzle;  iron-mounted. 

142  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches. 

Brass  barrel,  bell-shaped  muzzle ; brass-mounted.  Marked, 
“BLAKE,  LONDON.” 

143  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches. 

Brass  barrel,  bell-shaped  muzzle;  brass-mounted,  with  spring 
bayonet  on  top  of  barrel.  Marked,  “BASS,  LONDON, 
ENGLAND.” 

144  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss.  Bell-shaped  muzzle,  cal.  2 inches.  Iron 

barrel.  Marked,  “R.  ASHMORE,  1775."  This  blunderbuss 
was  borrowed  or  stolen  from  Jefferson  Davis’  house  at 
Richmond,  Va.,  during  the  Civil  War  by  a volunteer  in  the 
Eleventh  Regiment,  Connecticut  Volunteers.  There  is  no 
doubt  but  it  was  one  of  Jeff  Davis’  trophies  which  he  brought 
home  from  the  Mexican  War. 

145  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches. 

Engraved  on  the  lock,  “TOWER,  1651,”  and  a under  a <-9. 


29 


oSi 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  6. 

Flint-lock  Blunderbusses. 

146  Belgian  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  bell-muzzle,  cal.  2 inches.  Flalf 

octagon  iron  barrel,  22  inches  long ; brass-mounted.  Made  in 
Belgium.  Proof-mark,  @ 

147  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  bell-muzzle,  cal.  if  inches.  Brass 

barrel,  cannon-shaped  muzzle ; brass-mounted.  Marked, 
“KING,  LONDON,  ENGLAND.” 

148  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  bell-shaped  muzzle,  cal.  3§  inches ; has 

swivel.  Used  as  a wall-piece  ; very  heavy  iron  barrel,  and  iron- 
mounted  ; a hundred  years  old  or  more. 

149  Oriental  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  very  large  bell-shaped  muzzle,  cal. 

4 inches.  Iron  barrel,  iof  in.  long;  finely  inlaid  with  silver; 
lock  and  mountings  inlaid  with  silver ; stock  gun-shaped, 
inlaid  with  brass  ; length  barrel  and  stock,  20  inches  ; a fine  arm. 

150  Arabian  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .62  Iron  barrel,  finely  inlaid  with 

gold  ; stock  has  a peculiar  shape,  and  is  covered  with  iron,  and 
ornamented  with  brass  and  Oriental  figures. 

151  Seventeenth  Century,  Turkish  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  2 inches. 

Iron  barrel,  inlaid  with  gold;  stock  inlaid  with  silver.  Marked 
on  the  lock,  “WILSON.”  Very  fine  old  arm.  From  Constan- 
tinople. 

152  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  if  inches.  Brass 

barrel,  cannon-shaped  muzzle ; brass-mounted,  with  spring 
bayonet  on  top  of  barrel.  Made  in  London,  England,  about 
1790. 

153  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  bell-shaped  muzzle,  cal.  if  inches. 

Half  octagon  iron  barrel,  14  inches  long;  brass-mounted. 
Marked,  “COOK,  LONDON,  ENGLAND.” 

154  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  the  muzzle,  1 inch  x 2 inches.  Oval, 

or  egg-shaped  muzzle;  iron  barrel;  brass-mounted.  On  the 
barrel  and  on  the  lock  is  engraved  “SEGALLAS,  LONDON.” 

155  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  if  inches.  Iron  barrel,  with  spring 

bayonet  on  side  ; brass-mounted.  Maker’s  name  on  the  lock, 
"ALEX  WILSON.”  Engraved  lion  and  silver  ornaments  on 
the  stock.  From  London,  England. 

156  English  Flint-lock  Blunderbuss,  cal.  at  muzzle,  if  inches.  Heavy 

brass  barrel,  bell-shaped  muzzle ; brass-mounted.  Marked, 
“BARTLETT,  LONDON,  1811.” 


3' 


ogi 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  7. 

Flint-lock  Muskets  Used  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

157  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “DUBLIN  CASTLE,”  the  itf,  the  letters  GR  and  the 
<-S\  On  the  stock  in  rear  of  the  barrel  is  inlaid  a brass  plate, 
engraved  “F.  101  H heavy  stock,  with  wide  butt ; brass-mounted. 
Fought  with  in  the  Revolutionary  War  by  Capt.  Geo.  Dennison, 
Mystic,  Conn. 

158  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “TOWER,”  the  f|p,  the  letters  GR,  and  the  <-9-  ; heavy 
stock,  with  wide  butt ; brass-mounted.  Carried  in  French,  Indian 
and  Revolutionary  Wars  by  Robert  Avery,  Stonington,  Conn. 

159  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .7 5 Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “TOWER,”  the  l®),  the  letters  GR,  and  the  ; heavy 
stock,  with  wide  butt ; brass-mounted.  A relic  of  the  Revolution. 
Carried  in  the  war  by  John  Bunnell,  Berlin,  Conn. 

160  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “IOWER,”  the  f§f>,  the  letters  GR,  and  the  \ heavy 
stock,  with  broad  butt.  Fought  with  in  the  Revolution 
by  John  Pratt,  Hartford,  Conn.  Has  five  notches  cut  in  the 
stock,  representing  as  many  Indians  killed  with  the  gun,  it 
being  the  custom  in  those  days,  particularly  among  the  Indians, 
to  keep  score  on  the  stock. 

161  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “VOIG,  1776;”  brass-mounted;  lock  is  not  original;  has  a 
brass  pan  of  French  manufacture  ; engraved  on  the  barrel,  “67TH 
REG.;”  cut  in  the  stock,  “K.M.”  Carried  through  the  Revolu- 
tionary War  by  Daniel  Munger,  Saybrook,  Conn. 

162  French  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .70  Lock  is  neither 

engraved  nor  stamped;  iron-mounted.  A relic  of  the  King 
Philip  War,  and  formerly  owned  by  Stephen  Church. 

Note. — The  lock  on  this  gun  is  not  original;  the  pan  is  not 
original. 

163  French  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock  in  script,  ; iron-mounted ; wide  iron 

bands.  Formerly  owned  by  Elisha  Crosby,  Ashburnham, 
Mass.,  and  carried  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 


33 


oo 

vO 


VO 


VO 

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VO 

vO 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  8. 

Flint-lock  Muskets  Used  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

164  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Heavy  stock,  wide 

butt,  etc.;  has  English  proof-mark  on  barrel,  common  to  all  the 
military  arms  herein  described;  no  engraving  on  the  lock. 
Formerly  the  gun  of  Thos.  Bickford  of  Rockingham,  N.  H.,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier. 

165  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “IORDAN"  (JORDAN?),  “1743,”  the  the  letters 
GR,  and  the  Cut  in  the  stock,  “C.  H."  “W.  D. ;” 

brass-mounted.  A different  model  arm  than  the  “Brown 
Bess,”  as  was  called  the  English  army  musket  (1690-1840). 
Formerly  owned  by  Cornelius  Havens,  Pomfret,  Conn.,  3d 
Regt.,  Conn.  Line. 

166  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .60  Engraved 

on  the  lock,  “ALLPORT,  late  with  KETLAND,  LON- 
DON ;"  brass-mounted.  Carried  in  the  Revolutionary  War  by 
John  Marsh,  Sturbridge,  Mass. 

167  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .60  Barrel 

slightly  bell-muzzle  ; not  the  original  lock.  Fought  with  in  the 
Revolution  by  Israel  Brown,  Lebanon,  Conn. 

168  English  Smooth-bore  Flmt-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “WILSON,  LONDON,”  and  in  rear  of  cock,  in  large 
letters,  “U.  S.”;  on  the  barrel,  “U.  S.,”  “D  24.”  Stock  is 
branded  “UNITED  STATES,”  and  cut  in  with  a knife,  “T.W., 
I.  E.,  I.  K..  M.”  A relic  of  the  three  early  wars,  and  carried  in 
the  Revolution  by  Samuel  Stratton,  L.  1. 

169  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Lock  is  neither 

stamped  nor  engraved;  brass-mounted,  with  very  heavy  bands. 
Fought  with  in  the  Revolution  by  Gudgo  Sheppard,  Volun- 
town,  Conn. 

170  English  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “MOORE,  LONDON;”  brass-mounted;  a very  old 
gun.  Used  in  French  and  Indian  and  in  Revolutionary  Wars 
by  John  Smith,  1st  Regt.,  Conn. 


35 


08i 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  9. 

Guns  Made  by  the  United  States  Government  from  the  Flint-lock 
Smooth-bore  Musket  of  1799  to  the  Percussion-rifled 
Musket  of  i860. 

171  Model  of  1795,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.70  On  the  lock  is  stamped  “SPRINGFIELD,”  and 

engraved  in  script  On  the  tang  of  the  butt-plate  is 

stamped  “1799.”  The  stock  under  the  guard  is  marked  VII. 
This  musket  is  in  excellent  condition,  and  seldom  found,  4595 
only  having  been  made  this  year. 

Note. — In  1795  (the  year  following  the  act  of  Congress 
establishing  a National  Armory  at  Springfield,  Mass.)  were 
made  the  first  government  arms;  and  the  lie- — > a 

French  flint-lock,  smooth-bore  musket,  and  the  highest  type  of 
hand  firearms  in  Europe,  was  adopted  as  the  model.  This 
musket  is  generally  known  as  the  “Springfield  Model  of  1799,” 
and,  erroneously,  heretofore  been  credited  as  being  the  first 
manufactured. 

172  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  in  rear  of  cock  is  stamped  “1808”;  between 
the  cock  and  pan  is  stamped  “SPRINGFIELD,”  and 

engraved  in  script  the  letters  On  the  tang  of  the  butt- 

plate  (indicating  the  year  the  gun  was  finished)  is  stamped 
“1809.” 

Note. — This  is  the  second  model  of  United  States  arm,  and 
differs  somewhat  from  the  first  model. 

173  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  is  stamped  “PITTSFIELD,”  “1808,”  “U.  S.,” 
and  “POMEROY.”  Made  for  the  United  States  govern- 
ment by  Lemuel  Pomeroy,  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  1808.  Eltweed 
Pomeroy,  coming  from  England  in  1635,  made  the  first  guns  at 
Windsor,  Conn.,  A.D.  1637.  A.D.  1640,  Eldad  Pomeroy,  son  of 
Eltweed,  was  given  a grant  of  1000  acres  of  land  in  Hampshire, 
Mass.,  for  his  skill  as  a gunmaker.  General  Seth  Pomeroy, 
fourth  generation  from  Eltweed,  officer  in  French  and  Indian 
wars,  seems  to  have  given  the  Pomeroy  guns  their  highest 
finish  at  Northampton,  Mass.  A.D.  1800,  Lemuel  Pomeroy, 
sixth  generation  from  Eltweed,  removed  to  Pittsfield,  Mass., 
bringing  same  anvil  used  by  Eldad  and  Seth,  and  continued  the 


37 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


manufacture  of  guns  till  1840.  A.D.  1904,  anvil  and  site  of 
musket-shop  still  in  possession  of  the  Pomeroy  family. 

174  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  is  stamped  “HARPER’S  FERRY,"  “ 1812,” 
“U.  S.,”  and  'gjf.  Made  at  the  National  Armory  at  Harper’s 
Ferry,  1812.  10.200  muskets  were  made  this  year  at  Harper’s 

Ferry  Armory,  Va. 

175  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  is  stamped  "E. STILLMAN,”  “1812,”  “U.  S„” 
and  ^ . Made  for  the  LTnited  States  government  by  Ethan 

Stillman  of  Brookfield,  Fairfield  County,  Conn.,  in  1812. 

Note. — Ethan  Stillman  was  one  of  twenty-five  gunmakers 
given  contracts  by  the  government  in  1808  to  manufacture 
arms,  to  be  supplied  to  the  militia  of  the  states.  His  contract 
was  issued  Sept.  14th,  1808.  He  had  delivered  only  1675 
finished  arms  at  the  close  of  the  year  1812. 

176  Model  of  1822,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  is  stamped  “SPRINGFIELD,”  “1830,” 
“U.  S.,"  and  . Made  at  the  National  Armory,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  1830. 

Note. — 16,480  arms  were  made  at  Springfield  Armory  in  1830. 

177  Model  of  1822,  LTnited  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  On  the  lock  is  stamped  “HARPER'S  FERRY,”  “1833,” 
"U.  S.,’’  and  Made  at  the  National  Armory  at  Harper’s 

Ferry,  1833.  12,040  arms  made  at  Harper’s  Ferry  in  1833. 

178  Rifled  Musket,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  No  name  or  date  on  lock. 

Proof-marks  and  “NEW  HAMPSHIRE.”  stamped 

on  the  barrel;  brass  guard  and  bow;  large  rear  sight;  narrow 
end  band,  with  sight;  brass  end  on  ramrod. 

179  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal. 

.69  Made  for  the  United  States  government  by  E.  Buell, 
Marlborough,  Conn.,  1812.  (Stamped  on  the  lock  in  rear  of 
cock,  across  the  plate,  “E.  BUELL,”  and  between  cock  and 

pan’  Af  4 RLBOROuG^  ,ina  curve’  llnder  an  } 


180 


Model  of  1808,  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .69 


lock  is  stamped 


On  the 


38 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  E.  BREECH-LOADING  CANNON. 


Cal.  2 inches,  made  of  wrought  iron.  The  marks  on  it  indicate  that 
it  was  made  in  China  about  the  year  1373.  The  cannon  is  5 feet  8 inches 
long.  Was  fired  by  a fuse.  The  breech-loading  apparatus  or  breech- 
block of  this  wonderful  arm  is  distinct  from  the  wrought  metal  of  the 
cannon,  and  is  charged  before  being  placed  in  position  for  firing.  The 
bore  containing  the  charge  is  exactly  identical  with  that  of  the  cannon, 
and  in  horizontal  lines.  The  bores  are  absolutely  in  unison.  The 
breech-block  is  held  in  place  by  a crossbar  and  the  wrought-iron  pro- 
jection from  the  chamber  that  penetrates  the  body  of  the  cannon,  holding 
the  two  together  with  resistless  energy.  This  breech-block  is  removable 
at  the  will  of  the  operator  or  gunner.  A ring  is  attached  to  it  for  that 
purpose.  This  cannon  was  sent  to  the  United  States  by  the  Princes  of 
East  India  with  their  exhibit  to  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  111.,  and 
was  on  exhibition  in  the  Art  Department  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1893. 
It  is  duly  authenticated  by  credentials  from  the  English  house  in  Bombay 
which  invoiced  the  collection. 


39 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  1 o. 

United  States  Rifled  and  Smooth-bore  Muskets  Used  in  the  Civil 
War  (War  of  the  Rebellion),  1861-1865. 

181  United  States  Model  of  1861,  Rifled  Percussion  Musket,  cal.  .58 

Stamped  on  the  lock  “1861,”  “U.  S.,”  and  an  curly-maple 
stock.  Made  for  the  United  States  government  during  the 
first  year  of  the  Civil  War,  in  Germany. 

Note. — A very  rare  arm. 

182  Model  of  1822,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Altered  to  Percussion  in  1852  at  Springfield 
Armory. 

Note. — The  government  did  not  order  the  Flint-locks  on  hand 
altered  to  Percussion  until  nearly  ten  years  after  its  adoption. 
In  1851  and  1852  a great  many  Flint-locks  were  so  altered. 

183  Model  of  1842,  United  States  Smooth-bore  Percussion  Musket 

(with  bayonet),  cal.  .69  Made  by  E.  Remington  in  1857. 
Has  Remington  primer-lock,  patented  1857.  Civil  War  relic, 
Federal  Army. 

184  Model  of  1822,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Altered  to  Percussion,  with  Remington 
primer,  in  1857.  Used  in  Civil  War  on  Northern  side. 

185  Model  of  1842,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Marked,  “MILL  CREEK,  PA.”  Altered 
to  Maynard’s  primer-lock,  patented  1845.  A relic  of  the  Civil 
War,  Federal  Army. 

186  United  States  Model  of  1808,  Smooth-bore  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal. 

.69  Altered  to  Percussion.  About  twelve  inches  of  the  bar- 
rel and  stock  have  been  cut  off,  and  the  end  band  replaced. 
Altered  by  removing  the  pan,  adding  a cone,  and  retaining  the 
flint-cock,  a piece  of  iron,  shaped  to  strike  the  cap,  replacing 
the  flint.  Stamped  on  the  lock  “E.  STILLMAN,  1812.” 

Note. — Ethan  Stillman  of  Brookfield,  Conn.,  was  one  of 
twenty-five  gunmakers  to  obtain  a contract  to  manufacture 
muskets  for  the  government  in  1808  (Sept.  14).  He  had 
delivered  only  1675  Dec.  31st,  1812. 

187  United  States  Model  of  1863,  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1863,”  “U.  S.,”  under  an 


4i 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 

^g,  and  “S.  N.  & W.  T.  C.  FOR  MASSACHUSETTS.” 
Made  by  S.  Norris  & W.  T.  Clement  for  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Note. — In  1863  Massachusetts  contracted  with  this  firm  for 
2000  of  these  rifles,  costing  $18.50  each. 

188  United  States  Model  of  1861,  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1863,”  “U.  S.,”  and 
"TRENTON.”  Made  for  the  United  States  by  the  Trenton 
Arms  Co.,  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  in  1863. 

Note. — This  gun  is  the  Model  of  1861,  having  band  springs, 
swell  on  the  ramrod  near  the  head,  etc.  The  lock  is  the  1863 
model  and  differs  from  Model  of  1861  in  the  shape  of  the  ham- 
mer, and  in  being  case-hardened  in  colors,  as  are  all  locks  of 
later  models. 

189  United  States  Model  of  1861,  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1863,”  “U.  S.,”  under  an 
If,  and  “E.  ROBINSON,  NEW  YORK.”  Made  for  the 
United  States  by  Edward  Robinson,  New  York,  in  1863. 

Note. — Gun  is  Model  of  1861,  lock,  Model  of  1863.  Edward 
Robinson  was  given  a contract  June  10th,  1863,  for  20,000 
Springfield  Rifled  Muskets,  cal.  .58  He  delivered  30,000  in  all. 

190  United  States  Model  of  1861,  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1863,”  “U.  S.,”  “COLT’S 
Pt.  F.  A.  Mfg.  Co.  HARTFORD,  CT.”  Made  for  the  United 
States  by  Samuel  Colt,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Note. — Colonel  Colt  received  the  first  contract  to  furnish 
arms  during  the  Civil  War,  July  5th,  1861  (25,000  at  $20),  and 
delivered  in  all  75,000. 


CALIBER,  LENGTH  AND  WEIGHT  OF  SMALL  ARMS. 


FLINT-LOCK. 

PERCUSSION. 

(U.  S.) 

Musket. 

Pistol. 

Rifle. 

Musket- 

OON. 

Musket. 

Rifle. 

Pistol. 

Model  of 

cq 

CM 

00 

1840 

1819 

1836 

1819 

1840 

1842 

1855 

CM 

00 

1855 

1855 

Caliber, 

Length, 

Weight, 

inches 

.69 

57-64 

lbs.  oz. 

9 5h 

inches 

.69 

57.8 

lbs.  oz. 

9 l2h 

inches 

•54 

15-72 

lbs.  oz. 
2 iof 

inches 

•54 

14.4 

lbs.  oz. 
2 9^ 

inches 

■ 54 
51-31 
lbs.  oz. 
9 3f 

inches 

.69 

41. 

lbs. 

7- 

inches 

.69 

57.8 

lbs. 

9.14 

inches 

.58 

55-85 

lbs. 

9.18 

inches 

■54 

48.8 

lbs. 

9.68 

inches 

.58 

49-3 

lbs. 

9-93 

inches 

.58 

17.6 

lbs. 

3.56 

42 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  F.  BREECH  BLOCK. 


Of  one  of  the  early  specimens  of  breech-loading  cannon,  bearing 
date  of  1400,  made  of  wrought  iron.  The  chase  was  formed  of  two  bars 
bent  longitudinally  and  surrounded  by  a number  of  rings  welded 
to  each  other.  Surrounding  the  whole  were  three  large  rings,  also  a 
large  ring  in  the  centre  to  lift  it  by.  The  length  of  the  breech-block  is  2 
feet,  the  bore  4 inches,  its  weight  125  pounds.  It  was  taken  from  a 
wreck  or  sunken  ship  which  had  been  gradually  driven  on  the  coast  of 
South  Devon,  England,  in  1891.  The  opinion  of  the  English  authorities 
was  that  this  ancient  vessel  belonged  to  the  Spanish  Armada. 


43 


200 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  i i . 

Rifled  Muskets  Used  in  the  Civil  War  (War  of  the  Rebellion), 

1861-1865. 

191  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1862,”  “U.  S.,”  an 
and  “SPRINGFIELD.”  Made  at  Springfield  Armory, 
Springfield,  Mass.,  1862.  “W.  B.”  cut  on  the  stock.  Civil 

War  relic. 

Note. — 13,802  arms  of  this  model  were  fabricated  at  Spring- 
field  Armory  during  the  year  of  1861. 

192  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Marked,  “WILLIAM  MASON,  TAUNTON, 
MASS.,  1863.”  Civil  War  relic.  Union  Army. 

Note. — William  Mason  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  was  given  a con- 
tract by  the  government,  No.  74,  Jan.  7th,  1862,  for  50,000 
“Springfield”  rifles  (by  which  name  the  Model  of  1861  was 
known),  which  contract  was  subsequently  increased  50,000. 
He  made  and  delivered  in  all  30,000  at  $20  each. 

193  Model  of  1863,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket,  cal.  .58 

Altered  in  1865  to  a breech-loader.  Allin’s  alteration.  Metal- 
lic cartridge,  rim  fire. 

Note. — E.  S.  Allin  was  master  armorer  of  Springfield 
Armory,  and  a machinist  of  extraordinary  ability.  He  devised 
this  the  first  breech-loading  system  to  be  used ; and  5000  per- 
cussion muskets  were  altered  as  above  in  1865.  217,784 

“Springfield”  rifles  were  made  at  Springfield  Armory  in  1863. 

194  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket,  cal.  .58 

Made  at  the  Springfield  Armory  in  1862.  This  rifle  was  dug  up 
near  Antietam  bridge,  Sept.  17,  1889,  by  Alex.  McCalvery 
of  Sharpsburg,  Md.  There  is  no  doubt  that  it  was  dropped  by 
some  soldier  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862.  It  was 
found  about  eight  rods  below  Antietam  bridge  in  the  sand 
which  makes  land  from  the  flow  of  high  water  in  the  river,  and 
about  eighteen  inches  below  the  surface.  The  rifle  is  very 
rusty,  having  been  buried  just  twenty-seven  years  to  a day. 
102,410  made  at  Springfield  Armory,  year  of  1862. 

195  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Marked,  “E.  WHITNEY,  WHITNEY- 
VILLE  (New  Haven),  CONN.,  1862.”  Civil  War  relic, 
Union  Army. 


45 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 

Note. — Eli  Whitney  was  given  a contract  to  make  and 
deliver  40,000  arms,  No.  64,  Dec.  24th,  1861,  and  a second  con- 
tract for  15,000  Oct.  17th,  1863.  He  delivered  in  all  during  the 
Civil  War  15,001  at  $19  each. 

196  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Marked,  “WILLIAM  MUIR  & CO.,  WIND- 
SOR LOCKS,  CONN.,  1862.”  A relic  of  the  Civil  War, 
Federal  Army. 

Note. — William  Muir  secured  contract  No.  53,  Dec.  4th,  1861, 
for  30,000  arms  of  above  model  at  $20,  and  delivered  the  same. 

197  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Marked,  “PROVIDENCE  TOOL  CO., 
PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.”  (Gun  is  Model  of  1861,  the  lock  is 
Model  of  1863,  made  in  1864.) 

Note.— The  Providence  Tool  Co.  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  “by 
J.  B.  Anthony,”  were  given  contract  No.  4,  July  13th,  1861,  for 
25,000;  also  No.  52,  Nov.  26th,  for  25,000,  and  May  1st,  1864,  a 
third  contract  for  32,000.  They  delivered  70,000  at  $20  and 
$19  each. 

198  Model  of  1861,  United  States  Navy  Percussion  Rifle  (with  saber 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Made  by  Eli  Whitney,  Whitney ville,  Conn. 
Stamped  on  the  lock  “WHITNEY-VILLE.”  Known  as  the 
Plymouth  Rifle.  Has  a projection  rear  of  guard-bow  for  the 
third  finger.  Large  head  on  ramrod.  Used  in  United  States 
Navy  during  Civil  War. 

199  Model  of  1863,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Marked,  “SAVAGE  R.  F.  A.  CO.,  MIDDLE- 
TOWN,  CONN.,  1863.”  A relic  of  the  Civil  War,  Union  side. 

Note. — The  Savage  Repeating  Fire-arms  Co.  was  given  a 
contract  Sept.  9th,  1862,  for  25,000  arms  of  above  pattern, 
which  contract  was  increased  12,000  Feb.  25th,  1864,  at  $18 
each.  They  delivered  in  all  25,500. 

200  Model  of  1863,  United  States  Rifled  Percussion  Musket  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .58  Made  by  Norwich  Arms  Co.,  Connecticut. 
(Gun  is  Model  of  1861.  Lock  is  Model  of  1863,  and  stamped 
“1864,”  “U.  S.”  “NORWICH.”) 

Note. — The  Norwich  Arms  Co.  made  a contract  with  the 
government  April  1st,  1864,  for  10,000  arms,  which  was 
increased  15,000  Oct.  18,  1864.  Price,  $18  and  $19  each.  They 
delivered  both  lots,  25,000  in  all. 


46 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBITS  G AND  H.  PAIR  OF  BRASS  CANNONS. 


Length  28  inches,  bore  1^  inches.  The  inscription  on  them  is  as 
follows  :“ME  FECIT  CIPRIANUS  CRANS  IANSZ  AMSTELODAMI, 
A.  D.  1745."  These  cannons  are  beautiful  specimens;  are  somewhat 
smaller  than  the  type  that  were  captured  from  the  British  at  Bunker 
Hill  in  1775.  From  the  collection  of  A.  Gerald  Hull  of  Saratoga,  N.  Y., 
who  died  February,  1893. 


47 


205 


o 


208 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  12. 

“Confederate”  Guns  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

201  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Stamped  on  the  lock  “C.  S.  A.”  (Confed- 
erate States  of  America),  and  between  the  cock  and  pan  “S.C.” 
On  the  barrel  and  stock  “P.M.,  S.J.  111  I.  M.  South  Carolina.” 
Used  in  the  Confederate  Army  at  beginning  of  the  war. 

202  Model  of  1822,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Stamped  on  the  lock  “U.  S.,”  and  “C.  S.” 
“NORTH  CAROLINA.”  Relic  of  the  Civil  War,  Confederate 
Army. 

203  Model  of  1808,  United  States  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with 

bayonet),  cal.  .69  Stamped  on  the  lock  “J.  STATE,”  an 
and  “NEW  HAVEN.”  “C.  S.”  stamped  on  the  lock- 
plate  during  Civil  War.  Marked  on  the  stock,  “28th  Reg. 
South  Carolina.”  Used  in  the  Confederate  Army. 

204  Confederate  Rifled  Musket,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  The  lock-plate 

forged  for  a primer-lock,  Model  of  1855,  either  at  Harper’s 
Ferry  before  Apr.  18,  1861,  or  at  Richmond,  Va.,  with  machin- 
ery taken  from  the  Ferry.  Lack  of  time,  etc.,  prevented  new 
dies  being  manufactured,  which  accounts  for  the  tape-lock 
blanks  seen  on  Confederate-made  arms. 

205  Model  of  1842,  United  States  Smooth-bore  Percussion  Musket 

(with  bayonet),  cal.  .69  Made  at  Springfield  Armory,  Mass., 
in  1850.  The  first  model  of  Percussion  musket  issued.  A few 
were  used  in  the  Mexican  War.  History  as  given  by  its  for- 
mer owner:  “This  gun  belonged  to  L.  G.  Perry,  Dublin,  Ga., 
who  was  a soldier  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil 
War.  Mr.  Perry  belonged  to  a company  in  the  Fourteenth 
Georgia  Regiment,  and  was  stationed  at  Ox  Ridge,  Sept.  1, 
1862,  when  General  Phil.  Kearney,  mistaking  the  Confederate 
lines  for  Federal,  rode  into  or  close  to  the  Confederate  camp; 
realizing  his  mistake,  ordered  to  halt,  and  seeing  the  Confed- 
erate guns  pointed  at  him,  said : ‘Don’t  fire ; I am  a friend.’ 
Saying  this,  he  wheeled  his  horse  and  put  off  at  full  speed,  to 
escape  if  possible.  He  lay  flat  on  his  horse  to  escape 
the  bullets  whistling  in  the  air  near  him.  But  one  fatal 
shot  struck  and  killed  him,  and  it  is  said  by  authority  of  Mr. 


49 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


Perry  and  others  of  his  company  that  this  gun  was  the  one  that 
sent  the  fatal  bullet  that  killed  General  Phil.  Kearney,  Sept,  i, 
1862.”  This  gun  was  presented  to  this  collection  by  Captain 
E.  A.  Perry  of  Hartford,  Conn., who  is  a brother  of  L.  G.  Perry, 
deceased,  of  Dublin,  Ga.,  and  from  whom  he  received  the  gun 
with  its  history. 

206  Confederate  Rifled  Musket,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Stamped  on  the 

lock  “1863,”  “C.  S.,”  “RICHMOND,  VA.”  Put  out  of  order  in 
the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  June,  1864. 

207  Confederate  Rifle,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Stamped  on  the  lock 

“1863,”  “C.  S.  A"  under  “FAYETTEVILLE.”  Brass- 
mounted. 

Note. — The  machinery  used  for  making  rifles  at  Harper’s 
Ferry  was  moved  to  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina,  by 
the  Confederate  government  in  1861.  Nearly  all  Confederate- 
made  arms  are  brass-mounted.  The  die  used  to  stamp  the 
eagle  and  C.  S,  A on  arms  made  by  Confederate  government 
at  Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  came  from  Harper’s  Ferry.  The  U.  S., 
which  was  originally  under  the  eagle,  was  cut  out  and  C<  S.  A 
(the  S inverted)  were  “keyed”  in. 

208  Confederate  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .58  Percussion. 

Stamped  on  the  lock  “1863,”  “C.  S.”  “RICHMOND,  VA.” 
Cut  on  the  stock  “T.  W.  E.” 

Note. — The  lock-plate  on  this  gun  was  forged  for  a “May- 
nard Primer,”  which  device  had  been  condemned  after  trial  as 
worthless.  Machinery  used  in  manufacturing  this  lock  had 
been  removed  to  Richmond,  Va.,  from  Harper’s  Ferry,  and  the 
"tape-lock”  plates  were  made  up  without  the  magazine,  lack  of 
time,  etc.,  preventing  new  dies  being  made.  Rifled  muskets 
were  made  at  Richmond  with  machinery  secured  at  Harper’s 
Ferry  in  1861. 


At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  the  military  arms  to  fall  into  the 
hands  of  the  Confederates  were  : 


Arsenal  at 

Muskets. 

Percussion. 

Muskets. 
Flint-lock  alt. 
to  Percussion. 

Rifles. 

Percussion. 

Charleston,  S.  C. 

9.280 

5,720 

2,000 

Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

15.480 

9,520 

2,000 

Augusta,  Ga. 

12,380 

7,620 

2,000 

Mt.  Vernon,  Ala. 

9,280 

5,720 

2,000 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 

18,580 

11,420 

2,000 

Total 

65,000 

40,000 

10,000 

50 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  I.  REVOLUTIONARY  CANNON. 

Revolutionary  Iron  Cannon,  length  4 feet  7 inches,  bore  2\  inches; 
was  in  the  American  service  at  Yorktown,  Va.,  when  Lord  Cornwallis 
surrendered,  October,  1781. 


5i 


214 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  13. 

Foreign-made  Guns  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

209  English  “Enfield”  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .577  Per- 

cussion, with  safety  cone  protector,  held  by  chain  fastened  to 
the  trigger-guard.  Marked,  “POTTS  & HUNT,  LONDON.” 

210  English  “Enfield”  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .577  Per- 

cussion. Stamped  on  the  lock  iff  “TOWER”  “1862.”  On  the 
stock  is  carved  “M.  S.  FERRIN.” 

211  English  “Enfield”  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .577  Per- 

cussion. Stamped  on  the  lock  <§§f>  “V.  R.”  “1863.”  Marked  on 
the  stock,  “B.O.M.,  Enfield.” 

212  French  Rifled  Musket  (with  saber  bayonet),  cal.  .70  Percussion. 

Marked,  “I.  SCHOPEN,  ALICE.” 

213  German  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .70  Percussion. 

Stamped  on  the  lock  ^ 7/~  under  German  crown,  and 
"~/aur»,  " “1832.”  This  gun  is  numbered  104,774. 

214  Austrian  Smooth-bore  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .70  Flint-lock 

altered  to  Percussion.  Marked  on  the  barrel,  “D,  29th.”  On 
the  stock  “ist  C.  72.” 

215  Belgian  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .70  Percussion.  Marked,  “S. 

BLASIEN.” 

216  English  “Enfield”  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .577  Per- 

cussion. Stamped  on  the  lock  ^|f,  “TOWER”  and  “1862.” 
Marked  on  the  barrel,  “COMPANY  B.  59th.” 

217  Bavarian  Rifled  Musket,  cal.  .70  Percussion.  Brass-mounted. 

Marked,  “LEMILLE.”  On  the  stock  are  the  initials 
“E.A.R.,”  a star,  and  “C.  WHITE.” 

218  Bavarian  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .70  Percussion.  Cone  is  near 

the  centre  of  the  barrel.  Brass-mounted.  Marked,  “CRAN- 
PIN,  HERZBURG.” 


53 


2ig 


223 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  14. 

United  States  Breech  and  Muzzle  Loading  Guns  Used  in  the 

Civil  War  (1861-1865). 

219  Model  of  1819,  United  States  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Stamped  on 

the  lock  “1829”  “U.  S.”  “S.  NORTH,  MIDDLETOWN, 
CONN”  Heavy  barrel,  small  lock,  oval  patch-box,  iron  cover ; 
rear  sling  swivel  is  on  a branch  extending  backwards  from  the 
guard-bow.  Iron-mounted  and  browned,  except  side-plate 
and  bands.  Ramrod  has  brass  tip. 

Note. — Contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  this  rifle  were 
issued  to  Simeon  North  of  Middletown,  Conn. ; Henry  Derrin- 
ger of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Nathan  Starr,  Middletown,  Conn., 
and  R.  & D.  Johnson,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1820. 

220  Model  of  1832,  Hall’s  Breech-loading  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .535 

Paper  cartridge.  Stamped  on  the  lock  “JOHN  H.  HALL, 
HARPER’S  FERRY”  “U.  S.”  “1832”  The  first  breech- 
loading arm  ever  patented  in  the  United  States,  and  the  first  or 
earliest  breech-loader  adopted  and  used  by  any  army.  Patented 
by  William  Thornton  and  John  H.  Hall,  May  21st,  1811. 

221  Hall’s  Breech-loading  Percussion  Carbine  (with  sliding  bayonet), 

cal.  .52  Paper  cartridge.  Col.  John  H.  Hall’s  patent,  with 
North’s  device.  Marked,  “S.  NORTH,  MIDDLETOWN, 
CONN.,  1839.” 

Note. — This  arm  resembles  the  Hall,  other  than  it  is  provided 
with  a bayonet,  which  consists  of  a blade  sliding  under  the  bar- 
rel. Similar  to  Greener's  pencil-case  bayonet.  North’s  device 
consists  of  a lever  on  the  side  of  lock,  holding  it  closed.  3520 
purchased  by  United  States  government  during  Civil  War. 

222  Hall’s  Breech-loading  Percussion  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Paper  cartridge. 

Col.  John  H.  Hall’s  patent.  Made  at  the  Hall  Rifle  Works, 
Harper’s  Ferry,  in  1831. 

223  “Windsor”  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .54  Marked,  “ROBBINS  & 

LAWRENCE,  WINDSOR,  VT„  1849.”  Altered  to  a Linder 
breech-loading  rifle,  using  paper  cartridge,  and  patented 
March  29,  1859,  by  the  Amoskeag  Mfg.  Co.,  Manchester,  N.  H., 
in  1862. 

Note. — Before  alteration  this  gun  was  similar  to  the  “Missis- 
sippi” rifle  (also  known  as  the  “Yerger”)  made  at  Harper’s 
Ferry. 

5 5 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 

224  “Windsor"  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Brass- 

mounted,  with  patch-box.  Marked,  “ROBBINS  & LAW- 
RENCE, WINDSOR,  VT„  1850.” 

Note. — This  rifle  (already  referred  to  in  No.  223)  was  first 
made  at  Harper's  Ferry  Armory,  and  was  the  third  model  of 
United  States  rifle  (1842).  The  first  was  the  Model  of  1814, 
Harper’s  Ferry  rifle;  and  the  second  the  common  rifle,  Model 
1819.  The  State  of  Massachusetts  owned  1739  Windsor  rifles 
Dec.  31st,  1861. 

225  Merrill’s  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  saber  bayonet),  cal.  .54  Mer- 

rill’s patent,  July,  1858,  and  May  21  and  28,  1861.  Paper  cart- 
ridge. Marked,  “J.  H.  MERRILL,  BALTIMORE,  MD.” 
14,495  purchased  by  the  United  States  government  during  the 
Civil  War. 

226  Model  of  1842,  United  States  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .54  (Har- 

per's Ferry  Yerger.)  Made  at  the  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory, 
1850.  Altered  to  a Merrill  breech-loading  rifle  in  1859. 

227  Spencer  Repeating  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .56  Patented  March 

6,  i860.  Seven  shots.  Metallic  cartridge.  Marked,  “SPEN- 
CER REPEATING  ARMS  CO.,  BOSTON,  MASS.’’  94,156 
purchased  by  the  United  States  government  during  the  Civil 
War. 

228  Joslyn  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .56  B.  F.  Joslyn’s  patent,  No. 

42,000,  March  22,  1864.  Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire.  Made  by 
the  government  at  Springfield  Armory  in  1864.  11,261  pur- 

chased by  the  United  States  government  during  the  Civil  War. 


Number  of  shots  per  minute  with  Breech-loading  Rifles,  government 
test,  in  1866. 


Henry, 

25 

Poultney, 

16 

Joslyn,  8 

Berdan, 

18 

Remington, 

15 

Berg,  8 

Ballard, 

18 

Spencer, 

IS 

Maynard,  7 

Peabody, 

1 7 

Allen, 

14 

Starr,  6 

Cochran, 

16 

Smith, 

14 

Merrill  (revolving),  6 

National, 

16 

Sharps, 

12 

56 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


HALL’S  RIFLE. 

In  1664  Abraham  Hall,  of  England,  was  granted  a patent  for  a “gun 
or  pistoll  which  hath  a hole  at  the  upper  end  of  the  breech  to  receive  the 
charge,  which  hole  is  opened  or  stopped  by  a piece  of  iron  or  steel  that 
lies  along  the  side  of  the  piece  and  is  movable.’’ 


May  21,  1811,  a patent  was  issued  to  William  Thornton  and  John 
H.  Hall  for  a breech-loading  rifle  (flint-lock).  This  was  the  first  breech- 
loading arm  manufactured  in  this  country.  Col.  John  H.  Hall,  the 
inventor,  was  from  North  Yarmouth,  Maine,  formerly  a part  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  at  least  one  beautiful  fowling-piece  made  by  him  is  known 
to  exist.  (In  the  author's  collection.) 

During  Supt.  Stubblefield’s  administration  at  Harper’s  Ferry,  about 
1816,  the  government  having  concluded  to  adopt  the  gun  into  its  service, 
Col.  Hall  was  sent  there  to  superintend  its  manufacture.  Two  buildings 
on  “The  Island”  up  the  river  were  set  apart  for  him,  and  he  continued 
making  the  Hall  rifle  in  those  shops  until  1840,  when  he  moved  to  Mis- 
souri. After  this  period,  other  buildings  were  erected  on  the  same  island 
for  the  manufacture  of  the  “Yerger  Rifle,”  but  the  place  retained  the 
name  of  “Hall’s  Works,”  by  which  it  was  known  in  Hall’s  time.  No 
fighting  or  attempt  to  hold  prisoners  occurred  there  during  the  John 
Brown  raid  in  1859. 

Hall’s  is  the  first  patent  recorded,  and  the  evidence,  sustained  by  the 
records  of  the  Ordnance  Bureau,  prove  that  John  H.  Hall  was  the  in- 
ventor of  the  first  breech-loading  arm  receiving  attention  from  the  gov- 
ernment. In  a letter  addressed  to  Col.  Bomford  of  the  Bureau  of  Ord- 
nance dated  January  24,  1815,  Hall  writes  : 

“I  invented  the  improvement  in  1811,  being  at  that  time  but  a little 
acquainted  with  rifles,  and  being  perfectly  ignorant  of  any  method  what- 
ever of  loading  guns  at  the  breech.” 

He  at  a later  date  suggested  the  manufacture  of  1000  of  his  patent 
rifles.  Official  records  indicate  that  in  1816,  100  of  these  arms  were  made 
and  issued  to  a company  of  riflemen,  and  that  the  reports  thereon  were 
favorable.  In  1825  two  companies  of  U.  S.  troops,  stationed  at  Fortress 
Monroe,  were  armed  with  Hall’s  rifles,  and  were  using  the  same  in  1827, 
during  which  year  2000  more  were  completed. 

There  is  evidence  the  rifle  was  used  successfully  in  the  Black  Hawk 
and  Seminole  wars,  also  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  while  not  generally 
known,  it  is  a fact  quite  a number  were  used  in  the  Civil  War. 


57 


234 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  i 5. 

Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

229  Jenks’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Navy  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cart- 

ridge, hammer  on  side  of  the  barrel,  cocks  by  opening  outward. 
Barrel  is  opened  by  drawing  back  top  lever.  (Similar  to  the 
Merrill.)  W.  Jenks’  patent,  No.  747,  May  25th,  1838. 

Marked,  “N.  P.  AMES  ARMS  CO.,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS., 
1845.”  Made  for  the  LTnited  States  Navy,  and  used  in  the 
Civil  War. 

230  Smith’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Rubber  cartridge. 

Barrel  connected  with  butt  by  a hinge  below  and  held  by  a long 
spring  on  top  of  the  barrel.  Spring  lifted  by  a lever  in  front  of 
the  trigger.  G.  Smith’s  patent,  No.  15,496,  Aug.  5th,  1856. 
Marked,  “AMERICAN  ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS, 
MASS."  30,062  purchased  by  the  government  during  the 
Civil  War. 

231  “Perry”  Confederate  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52 

Paper  cartridge,  brass  breech-block,  similar  construction  as  the 
“Burnside”  heavy  barrel. 

232  “Cosmopolitan”  or  “Union”  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .50 

Paper  cartridge.  E.  Gwyn  & A.  C.  Campbell’s  patent,  No. 
36,709,  Oct.  21st,  1862.  Marked,  “GWYN  & CAMPBELL, 
HAMILTON,  OHIO.”  9342  purchased  by  the  United  States 
government  during  the  Civil  War. 

233  Starr's  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cartridge. 

E.  S.  Starr’s  patent,  No.  21,523,  Sept.  14th,  1858.  Marked, 
“STARR  ARMS  CO.,  YONKERS,  NEW  YORK.”  25,603 
purchased  by  the  United  States  government  during  Civil  War. 

234  Joslyn's  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cartridge. 

B.  F.  Joslyn’s  patent,  No.  13,507,  Aug.  28th,  1855.  Marked, 
“B.  F.  JOSLYN  FIRE-ARMS  CO.,  STONINGTON, 
CONN.”  11,261  purchased  by  the  LTnited  States  government 
during  Civil  War. 

235  Gibbs’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Paper  cartridge. 

Has  leaf-sights.  Barrel  moves  forward  and  the  rear  tilts  up  to 
load.  L.  H.  Gibbs’  patent,  No.  14,057,  Jan.  8th,  1856. 
Marked,  “WILLIAM  F.  BROOKS,  NEW  YORK,  1863.” 
1052  purchased  by  the  government  during  the  Rebellion. 
Very  scarce. 


59 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


236  Gallager's  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cart- 

ridge. M.  J.  Gallager’s  patent,  No.  29,152,  July  17th,  i860. 
Marked,  “RICHARDSON  & OVERMAN  ARMS  CO.,  PHIL- 
ADELPHIA, PA.”  22,728  purchased  by  the  United  States 
government  during  the  Civil  War. 

237  Hall’s  Breech-loading  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Col.  John  H.  Hall’s  patent, 

with  North’s  improvement,  by  which  the  lock  is  held  closed  by 
a side  lever  instead  of  an  under-catch.  The  original  catch  was 
liable  to  catch  in  the  clothing,  etc.,  and  open  the  breech  acci- 
dentally. A soldier  might  carelessly  blow  off  his  thumb. 
Marked,  “S.  NORTH,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.,  1847.” 

238  Sharps’  Model,  Breech-loading  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cartridge. 

Brass-mounted.  This  carbine,  known  as  the  “Richmond  Car- 
bine” and  as  the  “Confederate  Sharps,”  is  one  of  many  made  in 
1862  and  ’63  by  S.  G.  Robinson,  Richmond,  Va.  Made  for  the 
Confederate  government  after  the  Sharps  model.  During  the 
siege  of  Richmond  buried  uncased  by  the  Confederates,  and 
dug  up  and  sold  by  the  Federal  government. 

Note.  Confederate-made  arms  are  usually  brass-mounted. 

239  “Sharps’  ” Model  of  1863,  Breech-loading  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Paper 

cartridge.  C.  Sharps’  patent,  No.  5763,  Sept.  12th,  1848. 

Marked,  “SHARPS  RIFLE  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD. 
CONN.”  80,512  purchased  by  United  States  government  dur- 
ing Civil  War. 

Note. — Sharps’  arms  were  used  in  United  States  Army  as 
early  as  1846,  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  were  the  first  carbines 
to  replace  the  discarded  “Hall.” 

240  Merrill’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Paper  cartridge. 

Brass-mounted.  J.  H.  Merrill’s  patent.  No.  20,954,  July  20th, 
1858;  Nos.  32,032,  32,033,  April  9th,  1861  ; No.  32,451,  May  28th, 
1861,  and  No.  33,536,  Oct.  22d,  1861.  Breech  closed  by  a 
plunger  connected  to  a lever  on  top  of  barrel,  hinged  at  its  rear. 
Resembles  the  Jenks  Navy  Carbine  already  described.  Has 
no  cartridge  extractor,  cartridge  being  entirely  consumed. 
Copper  face  on  the  end  of  plunger  to  act  as  a gas  check  and 
seat  the  cartridge  without  exploding  it.  Marked,  “J.  H.  MER- 
RILL, BALTIMORE,  MD.”  14,495  purchased  by  the 
United  States  government  during  Civil  War. 


60 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  J.  REVOLUTIONARY  SWIVEL  IRON  CANNON. 


Length  28  inches,  bore  if  inches.  Has  the  English  crown  on  it. 
Taken  off  one  of  the  war-vessels  in  the  British  fleet  at  Charleston,  S.  C., 
during  the  Revolutionary  War. 


61 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  i 6. 

Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

241  Remington’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic 

cartridge,  rim  fire.  Joseph  Rider’s  patents,  No.  40,887,  Dec. 
8th,  1863  (reissued  May  3d,  1864),  and  No.  45,123.  Nov.  15. 
1864.  Marked,  “REMINGTON  ARMS  CO.,  I LION,  N.  Y.” 

242  Maynard’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .50  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, fired  with  a percussion  cap.  The  cartridge  has  a large, 
wide  head,  with  a small  hole  admitting  the  fire  from  the  cap 
when  fired.  Dr.  Edward  Maynard’s  patents,  No.  8126,  May  27, 
1851,  and  No.  26,364,  Dec.  6th,  1859.  Marked,  “MASSACHU- 
SETTS ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS."  20,002 
purchased  by  the  United  States  government  during  Civil  War. 

243  Sharps  & Hankins’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metal- 

lic cartridge,  rim  fire.  Operated  by  a lever  underneath  the 
barrel.  Christian  Sharps’  patent,  No.  22,752,  Jan.  25th,  1859. 
Marked,  “SHARPS  & HANKINS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.” 
Purchased  by  the  government  during  the  Civil  War.  Rare. 

244  Warner’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .50  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, rim  fire.  Brass  frame.  Breech-block  hinged  to  the  right 
side  and  fastened  when  closed  by  a catch  on  opposite  side. 
Has  extractor  operating  separately  by  a slide  under  the  barrel, 
similar  to  the  Ballard.  James  Warner’s  patents,  No.  41,732, 
Feb.  23d,  1864,  and  No.  45,660,  Dec.  27th,  1864.  Marked, 
“JAMES  WARNER,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.”  4001  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States  government  during  the  Civil  War. 
Rare. 

245  Triplett  & Scott’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .50  Metallic 

cartridge,  rim  fire.  Is  a magazine  carbine.  Loads  from 
front  of  butt ; barrel  revolves  on  an  axis  parallel  to  the  barrel, 
until  it  opens  magazine,  and  loads.  Extractor  is  worked  by 
the  rotation  of  the  barrel.  Louis  Triplett’s  patent,  No.  45,361, 
Dec.  6th,  1864.  Marked,  “MERIDEN  MFG.  CO.,  MERI- 
DEN, CONN.”  A few  were  used  by  the  United  States 
government  in  Civil  War. 

Note. — Also  called  Scott  & Triplett’s  carbine. 

246  Ball’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic  cartridge, 

centre  fire.  A magazine  gun.  Breech-block  is  so  made  that 
when  once  closed,  it  can  not  be  opened  until  hammer  is  down. 
Operated  by  a lever  underneath.  Magazine  is  under  the  barrel, 
loads  at  rear.  Albert  Ball’s  patent,  No.  38,935,  June  23d,  1863, 


63 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


(reissued)  ; also  No.  43,827,  Aug.  16th,  1864.  Marked,  “E.  G. 
LAMSON  ARMS  CO.,  WINDSOR,  VT.”  1002  purchased 
by  the  United  States  government  during  Civil  War. 

247  Ballard’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .44  Metallic  or  paper 

cartridge,  center  fire.  C.  H.  Ballard’s  patent,  No.  33,631,  Nov. 
5th,  1861.  Marked,  “BALLARD  ARMS  CO.,  FALL  RIVER, 
MASS.”  Merwin  & Bray,  N.  Y.  agents.  U.  S.  purchased  1509. 

248  Remington  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic  cart- 

ridge. Joseph  Rider’s  patents,  No.  40,887,  Dec.  8,  1863  (reis- 
sued May  3d,  1864),  and  No.  45,123,  Nov.  15,  1864.  Marked, 
“REMINGTON  ARMS  CO.,  ILION,  N.  Y.”  20,000  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States. 

249  Palmer  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic  cartridge, 

rim  fire.  William  Palmer’s  patent,  No.  41,017,  Dec.  22d,  1863. 
A bolt-gun  with  side-lock.  Is  not  closed  like  the  ordinary 
door-bolt  (needle-gun  or  chassepot),  but  has  a sectional  screw 
at  rear  end.  Similar  to  the  “French  breech-screw.”  Marked, 
“E.  G.  LAMSON  ARMS  CO.,  WINDSOR,  VT.”  1001  pur- 
chased by  United  States  government  during  Civil  War.  Rare. 

250  Ball’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  See  No.  246. 

251  Starr  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Paper  cartridge, 

paper  cap  originally;  altered  to  metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire. 
E.  T.  Starr’s  patent,  No.  21,523,  Sept.  14th,  1858.  Marked, 
“STARR  ARMS  CO.,  YONKERS,  N.  Y.”  25,603  purchased. 

252  Joslyn  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic  cartridge, 

rim  fire.  B.  F.  Joslyn’s  patent,  No.  13,507,  Aug.  28,  1855,  and 
No.  15,240,  July  1,  1856.  Marked,  “B.  F.  JOSLYN  FIRE- 
ARMS CO.,  STONINGTON,  CONN.”  11,261  purchased. 

253  Spencer  Repeating  (Magazine)  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic 

cartridge.  C.  M.  Spencer’s  patent,  No.  27,393,  March  6,  i860. 
Has  a thin,  removable  steel  loading-chamber,  which  can  be 
taken  out  and  reloaded.  Marked,  “SPENCER  REPEATING 
RIFLE  CO.,  BOSTON,  MASS.”  94,156  purchased. 

254  Burnside’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, fired  with  a percussion  cap.  Movable  chamber  pivoted 
in  front  under  the  barrel.  In  closing,  the  breech-block  has  a 
forward  movement,  pushing  the  cartridge,  which  is  tapering, 
into  the  barrel.  Center  fire,  the  brass  cartridge  being  per- 
forated in  the  center  of  base,  exploded  by  the  fire  of  a percus- 
sion cap.  A.  F.  Burnside’s  patent,  No.  14,491,  March  25th, 
1856.  Made  by  the  Burnside  Rifle  Co.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
55,567  purchased  by  the  U.  S.  government  during  Civil  War. 


64 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  K.  BRASS  HOWITZER. 

Length  30  inches,  bore  3 inches.  It  is  authentically  stated  that  this 
howitzer  was  in  service  in  the  Mexican  War  and  did  good  work  at  the 
battle  of  Vera  Cruz,  March  23  to  26,  1847.  From  A.  Gerald  Hull’s  collec- 
tion, Saratoga,  N.  Y. 


65 


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COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  17. 

Carbines  Used  in  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865. 

255  Wesson’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .44  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, rim  fire.  Franklin  Wesson's  patents,  No.  25,926,  Oct. 
25,  1859,  and  No.  36,925,  Nov.  11,  1862.  The  rear  of  barrel  tilts 
up  for  loading,  being  hinged  to  the  stock  below.  No  extractor. 
Barrel  held  closed  by  a spring  catch.  151  purchased  by  the 
United  States  government  during  the  Civil  War.  By  some 
means  this  carbine  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians.  History 
as  given  by  Buckskin  Joe:  “I,  with  Tanning  Iron  and  Tanning 
Hoe,  while  hunting  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Flat  Head  River, 
1 found  a large  Indian  tepee,  snowed  up.  I dug  the  snow  off, 
and  there  were  two  Indian  bucks  and  one  squaw.  They  were 
frozen  stiff.  I think  they  got  there,  and  got  snowed  in,  and 
starved  to  death.  I took  the  rifle  from  the  tepee,  Nov.  23,  1889. 
Signed,  Buckskin  Joe,  hunter,  trapper,  and  guide.”  The  stock 
is  ornamented  with  brass  tacks. 

256  Sharps  & Hankins’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .56 

Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire.  Christian  Sharps’  patent,  No. 
22,753,  Jan-  25th>  1859.  Operated  by  a lever  underneath  the 
barrel.  Depressing  the  lever  moves  the  barrel  forward  for 
insertion  of  the  cartridge.  Marked,  “SHARPS  & HANKINS, 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA.”  Used  in  the  Civil  War  by  Union 
troops. 

257  Ball’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Magazine  Carbine,  cal.  .56  Metallic 

cartridge,  center  fire.  (See  No.  246  for  description.) 

258  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Shot-gun,  cal.  .70  C.  Sharps’  patent.  Can 

be  loaded  as  breech-loader  or  muzzle-loader.  Marked, 
“SHARPS  RIFLE  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

259  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .38  Paper  cartridge.  Octagon 

barrel.  Patch-box.  Maynard’s  primer-lock  patent  1845  (not 
the  pattern  of  1855,  but  of  equal  value).  Marked,  “MAY- 
NARD GUN  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS.” 

260  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Paper  cartridge, 

with  coffee-mill  attachment  in  the  butt  of  the  stock.  Christian 
Sharps’  patent,  No.  5763,  Sept.  12th,  1848.  Made  by  Sharps 
Rifle  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.  Used  in  the  Confederate  Army 
during  Civil  War.  Coffee-mill  in  the  butt  of  the  stock  for  the 
soldier  to  grind  his  coffee.  Very  few  of  them  were  made. 
During  the  Civil  War  this  carbine  was  captured  with  many 


67 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 

others  by  the  United  States.  The  United  States  government 
sent  about  4000  Sharps  rifles  and  carbines  to  Sharps’  rifle  fac- 
tory at  Hartford,  Conn.,  to  be  repaired,  and  this  carbine  was 
found  among  the  lot. 

261  Gallager’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Linen  cart- 

ridge. Mahlon  J.  Gallager’s  patent,  No.  29,157,  July  17th,  i860. 
Marked,  “RICHARDSON  & OVERMAN,  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, PA.”  Civil  War  relic.  From  battle  of  Barryville, 
Va.,  Sept.  3,  1864. 

262  Austrian  Carbine,  cal.  .75  Percussion.  A worthless  arm,  pur- 

chased in  large  quantities  by  the  United  States  government  in 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  at  an  average  price  of  about 
$16  each.  Issued  to  cavalry  and  soon  discarded. 

263  English  Carbine,  cal.  .577  Percussion.  Has  nipple  protector,  held 

by  chain  fastened  to  guard-bow.  Swivel  ramrod.  Iron- 
mounted.  Marked,  “BARNETT,  LONDON.”  This  arm  was 
used  on  both  sides  in  the  Civil  War.  Taken  from  a blockade 
runner  captured  off  Cuba  in  1861. 

264  English  “Enfield”  Carbine,  cal.  .577  Percussion.  Swivel  ramrod. 

Marked,  “BARNETT,  LONDON.”  Used  in  Civil  War,  Con- 
federate Army. 

265  Confederate  Carbine,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Swivel  ramrod.  Brass- 

mounted.  On  the  lock  in  rear  of  hammer  is  stamped 
Confederate  flag;  in  front  of  hammer,  “COOK  & BROTHER” 
“ATHENS  GA.”  and  “2719”  in  one  line;  under  the  name, 
“1864.” 

Note. — This  arm  was  known  as  Cook’s  Musketoon. 

266  Confederate  Carbine,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Stamped  on  the  lock 

“CS”  “RICHMOND,  VA”  “1864”  Relic  of  Civil  War. 

267  Peabody  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .50  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, rim  fire.  H.  O.  Peabody’s  patent,  No.  35,947,  July  22d, 
1862;  reissue,  No.  2197,  March  13th,  1866.  Marked,  “PROVI- 
DENCE TOOL  CO.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.” 

268  Peabody  Martini  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .45  Ham- 

merless metallic  cartridge.  Marked,  “PROVIDENCE  TOOL 
CO.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.”  600,000  Peabody  arms  made  for 
the  Turkish  government,  1873. 

Note. — The  “Peabody”  system,  appropriated  by  the  English, 
to  which  was  added  the  device  of  the  Swiss,  Martini,  was  re- 
christened, with  the  addition  of  the  “Henry”  rifling,  the  “Mar- 
tini Henry”  (1875-1890). 


68 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBITS  L AND  M.  PAIR  OF  SIGNAL-GUNS. 


Length  23^  inches,  bore  3 inches.  From  the  old  whaling  ship  “New 
England.”  In  1841  this  noted  whaler  sailed  from  New  London  to  the 
whaling  grounds  in  the  neighborhood  of  Greenland,  and  remained  in 
service  until  i860.  These  guns  were  used  for  salutes,  on  entering  ports 
or  passing  friendly  vessels,  and  for  guiding  back  the  harpoon  crew  in 
case  they  might  be  out  of  sight  of  the  whaler.  It  was  not  an  infrequent 
occurrence  that  the  harpoon  crew  were  swept  out  of  sight  in  pursuing 
the  monsters  of  the  deep.  But  the  crew  were  almost  invariably  sure  of 
being  guided  back  by  the  signal-gun,  which  was  fired  from  time  to  time 
on  shipboard. 


69 


28o 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  i 8. 

Breech-loading  Rifles. 

269  Colt's  Revolving  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .56 

Five  shots.  Paper  cartridge.  Samuel  Colt’s  patent,  No. 
18,678,  Nov.  24th,  1857.  Marked,  “COLT'S  FIRE-ARMS 
MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

270  Colt’s  Revolving  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  saber  bayonet).  (See 

No.  269.) 

271  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .52  Linen  cart- 

ridge. Primer-lock.  Patch-box.  C.  Sharps’  patent,  No.  5763, 
Sept.  12,  1848.  Marked,  “SHARPS  RIFLE  MFG.  CO., 
HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

272  Remington  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .56  Metallic 

cartridge,  rim  fire.  Jos.  Rider’s  patents,  No.  40,887,  Dec.  8th, 
1863;  reissued,  No.  1663,  May  3,  1864,  and  No.  45,123,  Nov.  15, 
1864.  Marked,  “E.  REMINGTON  ARMS  CO.,  ILION,  N.  Y.” 

273  Ballard  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .56  Metallic 

cartridge,  rim  fire.  C.  H.  Ballard’s  patent,  No.  33,631,  Nov. 
5th,  1861.  Marked,  “BALLARD  ARMS  CO.,  FALL  RIVER, 
MASS.” 

274  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Paper  cartridge. 

C.  Sharps’  patent,  No.  5763,  Sept.  12,  1848.  Marked, 

“SHARPS  RIFLE  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

275  Colt’s  Breech-loading  Revolving  Rifle,  cal.  .36  Six  shots.  Per- 

cussion. Paper  cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent,  No.  7613,  Sept.  3d, 
1850.  Marked,  “COLT'S  FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HART- 
FORD, CONN.” 

276  Colt’s  Breech-loading  Revolving  Rifle,  cal.  .38  (Sporting  rifle.) 

Six  shots.  Altered  to  metallic  cartridge,  center  fire,  with 
extractor.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO- 
HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

277  Colt’s  Breech-loading  Revolving  Rifle,  cal.  .36  (See  No.  2/6.) 

278  Colt’s  Breech-loading  Revolving  Carbine,  cal.  .36  (See  No.  276.) 

279  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Percussion. 

Linen  cartridge.  Maynard  primer-lock.  Patented  1845.  The 
cartridge  was  inserted  whole,  the  block  in  rising  shearing  off 
its  base  by  the  sharp  edge  of  its  face.  Cartridge  was  fired  by 
exploding  a primer.  Made  by  Sharps  Rifle  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

280  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Linen  cart- 

ridge. Finely  engraved.  Christian  Sharps’  patent.  No.  33,607, 
Oct.  29th,  1861.  Made  by  Sharps  Rifle  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn. 


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COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  19. 

Repeating  Arms. 

281  Russian  Breech-loading  Carbine,  cal.  .32  Percussion.  Brass  bar- 

rel, having  seven  chambers.  Removable  brass  breech-block. 
From  battle-field  of  Port  Hudson,  La.,  July,  1863.  Picked  up 
by  a member  of  the  12th  Regt.,  Conn.  Vols. 

282  “Hale”  Breech-loading  Revolving  Sporting  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Eleven 

shots.  Percussion.  “Inventor’s”  model.  A crude,  home- 
made affair.  Only  one  made.  John  Hale,  Occoquan,  Va., 
1859. 

283  Brown  Breech-loading  Rifled  Bolt  Carbine,  cal.  .44  Metallic  cart- 

ridge. Marked,  “BROWN  MFC.  CO.,  NEWBURYPORT, 
MASS.” 

284  Boyington  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Cylinder 

holds  one  cartridge  and  is  revolved  by  a lever.  Proving  a fail- 
ure, no  more  were  made.  John  Boyington,  South  Coventry, 
Conn.,  in  1845. 

285  Winchester  Repeating  Magazine  Army  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Metallic 

cartridge.  An  improvement  on  Smith  & Wesson’s  patent,  Feb. 
14,  1854.  Improved  by  Henry  patent,  No.  30,446,  Oct.  16, 
i860;  Nelson  King’s  improvement  patents,  No.  55,012,  May  22, 
1866,  and  No.  5 7,636,  Aug.  28th,  1866.  Marked^  “WINCHES- 
TER REPEATING  ARMS  CO.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.” 

286  Jennings’  Repeating  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .54  Three  shots.  Loads 

at  muzzle,  one  charge  over  the  other.  Lock  slides  from  one 
vent  to  the  others.  Skeleton  stock,  ornamented  with  silver. 
Marked,  “L.  JENNINGS,  NEW  YORK.” 

287  Henry  Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Tyler  Henry’s  patent,  improved; 

patent  reissued.  Loading  at  side.  Marked,  “NEW  HAVEN 
ARMS  CO.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.” 

288  Henry  Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Rim  or  center  fire,  metallic  cart- 

ridge. Sliding  carrier  block.  Magazine  similar  to  “Volcanic." 
Tyler  F.  Henry’s  patent,  No.  30,446,  Oct.  16th,  i860  (reissued 
Dec.  8,  1868).  Marked,  “NEW  HAVEN  ARMS  CO.,  NEW 
HAVEN,  CONN.” 

Note. — Tyler  Henry  was  a first-class  workman  of  many 
years’  experience.  Employed  back  in  the  forties  by  Robbins  & 
Lawrence,  Windsor,  Vt.,  he  conceived  the  ideas  embodied  in 
this  arm  ; the  difference  between  the  Henry  and  Winchester, 


73 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


which  came  out  later,  consists  mainly  in  the  manner  of 
charging  the  magazine.  The  Winchester  loaded  at  the  rear, 
the  magazine  having  a hinged  lid.  The  Henry  has  a movable 
muzzle  section,  similar  to  the  Volcanic. 

289  “V  olcanic”  Breech-loading  Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .38  Metallic  cart- 

ridge. Magazine  under  the  barrel.  Loads  at  muzzle  end. 
Cartridges  forced  back  by  a spring.  Opening  lever  cocks  the 
hammer,  ejects  the  shell,  and  forces  cartridge  up.  H.  Smith  & 
D.  B.  Wesson’s  patent,  No.  10,535,  Feb.  14th,  1854.  Sold  to 
Volcanic  Repeating  Arms  Co.,  New  Haven,  Conn.  Fore- 
runner of  the  “Winchester.” 

290  Jennings’  Improved  Repeating  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .54  See 

below  for  patent  and  description. 

291  Jennings’  Repeating  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  A 

magazine  extending  under  the  barrel  holding  twenty  cart- 
ridges. L.  Jennings’  patent,  No.  6973,  Dec.  25th,  1849. 
Marked,  “ROBBINS  & LAWRENCE,  WINDSOR,  VT.,”  for 
Mr.  C.  C.  Palmer,  New  York. 

292  Model  of  1819,  United  States  Flint-lock  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal. 

.54  Altered  to  a repeating  rifle.  Four  shots.  Marked, 
"S.  NORTH,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.,  1822.” 

Note. — Erroneously  called  “North’s  Rifle.”  Has  stamped  on 
the  barrel,  as  required  by  United  States  government,  letters 
“U.  S.”  and  inspector's  initials  “A.  H.”  The  steel-covered 
patch-box  was  original. 


There  were  manufactured  at  the  two  National  Armories  for  the  year 
ending  September,  1842,  16,295  muskets.  Some  progress  had  been  made 
in  providing  models  and  in  the  fabrication  of  parts  of  percussion  arms. 
The  Armories  had  been  placed  under  the  immediate  direction  of  ord- 
nance officers — a change  afterward  sanctioned  by  law.  Repairs  being 
deemed  necessary  at  both  Armories  the  majority  of  the  help  were  dis- 
charged, 60  to  100  men  being  retained  at  Harper’s  Ferry  to  finish  up 
some  carbines. 


74 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


EXHIBIT  N.  OLD  IRON  CANNON. 


Length  34  inches,  bore  2 inches.  This  cannon  was  taken  from  a block- 
ade runner  which  was  captured  by  the  United  States  steamer  "Resolute," 
July  25,  1861. 


75 


299 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  20. 

Magazine  and  Revolving  Rifles. 

293  Roper  Revolving  Breech-loading  Shot-gun,  cal.  .64  Four  shots. 

S.  H.  Roper’s  patent.  No.  53,881,  April  10th,  1866.  Marked, 
‘•ROPER  REPEATING  ARMS  CO.,  AMHERST,  MASS.” 

294  Colt’s  Breech-loading  Revolving  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Six  shots.  Percus- 

sion. Paper  cartridge.  Samuel  Colt’s  patent.  Marked, 
“COLT’S  PATENT  ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  PATERSON,  N.  J.,” 
about  1840.  No.  202. 

Note. — Known  as  the  “Paterson.”  (See  “Paterson"  revolver, 
No.  698.) 

295  North  Breech-loading  Revolving  Shot-gun,  cal.  .60  Six  shots. 

Percussion.  Finely  engraved.  North  & Skinner’s  patent,  No. 
8982,  June  1st,  1852.  Marked,  “H.  S.  NORTH,  MIDDLE- 
TOWN,  CONN.,”  for  C.  F.  Roberts,  Hartford,  Conn. 

296  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Percussion.  Paper  cartridge.  Has 

cylinder,  with  one  chamber  turning  one  quarter  round,  on  an 
axis  vertical  to  the  barrel,  to  load. 

297  Weaver  Breech-loading  Shot-gun,  cal.  .70  H.  B.  Weaver’s  patent, 

No.  13,691,  Oct.  16th,  1855.  Chamber  swings  laterally.  Ham- 
mer raised  by  lever.  Paper  cartridge.  Tape  lock.  Marked, 
“H.  B.  WEAVER,  SOUTH  WINDHAM,  CONN.” 

298  German  Breech-loading  Bolt  Rifle,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Paper 

cartridge.  Stamped  on  the  lock,  “1864,”  ^fjp,  and  “AM- 
BERG.”  Used  in  Confederate  Army,  Civil  War. 

299  English  “Minie”  Musket,  cal.  .702  Percussion,  altered  to 

“Snider”  breech-loader.  This  gun,  in  its  original  form,  was 
the  forerunner  of  the  “Enfield.” 

300  English  "Enfield”  Musket,  cal.  .577  Percussion,  altered  to 

“Snider”  breech-loader,  firing  the  “Boxer”  cartridge  (metallic). 
Stamped  on  the  lock,  “TOWER”  “1861.” 

301  Porter's  Revolving  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Eight  shots. 

Percussion.  Paper  cartridge.  P.  W.  Porter’s  patent,  No. 

8210,  July  18,  1851.  Cylinder  revolves  on  horizontal  axis  at 
right  angle  to  the  barrel.  Marked,  “P.  W.  PORTER,  NEW 
YORK.” 

302  Porter’s  Revolving  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Nine  shots. 

Percussion.  Paper  cartridge.  P.  W.  Porter’s  patent,  No. 


77 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


8210,  July  1 8th,  1851.  Marked,  “P.  W.  PORTER,  NEW 
YORK.”  ’ 

303  Evans’  Breech-loading  Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Has  magazine  in 

the  stock  holding  thirty-two  metallic  cartridges.  Warren  R. 
Evans’  patent.  No.  119,020,  Sept.  19,  1871.  Marked,  “EVANS 
REPEATING  RIFLE  CO.,  MECHANIC  FALLS,  ME.” 

304  Swiss  Telescope  Breech-loading  Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .38  Percus- 

sion. Holds  eight  steel  shells,  each  having  a cone  for  percus- 
sion cap.  Loaded  on  right  side.  Globe-sights.  On  frame  is 
stamped  “KELLER  A.  ADRAU.”  On  plate  is  stamped 
“T-EAN  LIVIC.” 


Few  breech-loading  arms  other  than  the  “ Hall  ” were  tried  or  used  up 
to  the  commencement  of  the  Civil  War.  Among  the  principal  ones  were 
the  Sharps,  Burnside  and  Spencer,  of  which  a few  were  issued  to  troops 
between  1845  and  i860.  The  Maynard  was  also  issued,  but  not  to  any 
extent.  In  1857  the  Burnside  was  approved  by  an  Army  Board  convened 
at  West  Point.  They  were  of  the  opinion,  however,  that  the  breech-loader 
was  not  perfected,  and  were  unfavorably  inclined  to  its  adoption.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  the  Ordnance  Bureau  was  unable  to  supply 
the  demand  for  arms,  and  everything  serviceable  was  purchased. 

The  appended  list  shows  the  number  of  breech-loading  arms  purchased 


tiring  the 

war  : 

1.059 

Ballard 

3,520  Hall 

80,512 

Sharps 

1 ,002 

Ball 

11,261  Joslyn 

30,062 

Smith 

55.567 

Burnside 

14,495  Merrill 

94.156 

Spencer 

f Cosmopolitan 

892  Linder 

25.603 

Starr 

9.342 

\ or  Union 

20,002  Maynard 

4.001 

Warner 

22,728 

Gallager 

1,001  Palmer 

I5i 

Wesson 

1,052 

Gibbs 

20,000  Remington 

78 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


PRIVATE  ARMORIES. 

The  National  Armories  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  Harper’s  Ferry, 
Virginia,  having  been  established.  Congress  in  1808  enacted  a standing  law 
requiring  the  annual  payment  from  the  U.  S.  Treasury  of  $200,000  for  the 
six  Private  Armories  which  were  established  that  year.  From  among  the 
most  prominent  gunmakers  were  selected:  Asa  Waters,  of  Sutton  (now 

Millburv),  Mass.;  Simeon  North,  of  Middletown,  Conn.;  Nathan  Starr, 
of  Middletown,  Conn.;  Eli  Whitney,  of  Whitnevville  (near  New  Haven), 
Conn.;  Henry  Derringer,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  Lemuel  Pomeroy,  of 
Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Contracts  were  issued  to  them  for  a term  of  years,  which  were  renewed 
from  time  to  time,  until  1840. 

These  Private  Armories  were  regarded  as  permanent,  having  been  pub- 
licly recognized  by  the  government  as  a part  of  the  United  States  force  for  the 
supply  of  arms.  In  1845,  when  the  last  contracts  expired,  the  whole  system 
was  broken  up,  without  notice.  The  contractors  were  paid  but  little  above 
the  actual  cost  of  making  similar  arms  at  the  National  Armories.  The 
armorers  at  Springfield  and  the  Ferry  being  paid  by  the  day,  had  no  motive 
to  invent  labor-saving  machinery;  the  contractors  were  therefore  obliged  to 
make  discoveries  and  improvements  to  increase  their  profit.  Naturally, 
while  very  few  inventions  of  importance  were  ever  made  at  Springfield  or 
the  Ferry,  a great  many  were  brought  out  in  the  Private  Armories. 

The  six  Private  Armories  assured,  the  government  proceeded  to  issue 
contracts  for  arms,  to  supply  the  militia.  The  first  contractors  were  : 


Name. 

Location. 

Date  of 
Contract, 

Number 

Delivered 

W.  & I.  I.  Henry, 

Pennsylvania, 

1808. 

June  30 

Dec.,  1812. 

5754 

Goetz  & Westphall, 

Pennsylvania, 

July  13 

1481 

John  Miles, 

New  Jersey, 

July  20 

6793 

Winner,  Nippes  & Co., 

Pennsylvania, 

July  20 

sioo 

Waters  & Whitmore, 

Massachusetts, 

Sept.  8 

2000 

Ethan  Stillman, 

Connecticut, 

Sept.  14 

167s 

Daniel  Gilbert, 

Massachusetts, 

Oct.  13 

41^5 

French,  Blake  & Kingsley, 

Massachusetts, 

Oct.  20 

1825 

I.  & C.  C.  Barstow, 

New  Hampshire, 

Oct.  21 

875 

Wheeler  & Morrison, 

Virginia, 

Oct.  21 

2375 

Oliver  Bidwell, 

Connecticut, 

Oct.  25 

3250 

O.  & E.  Evans, 

Pennsylvania, 

Oct.  25 

2040 

Stephen  Jenks  & Son, 

Rhode  Island, 

Oct.  25 

1700 

R.  & C.  Leonard, 

Massachusetts, 

Oct.  29 

2875 

A.  & P.  Bartlett, 

Massachusetts, 

Oct.  31 

1000 

Rufus  Perkins, 

Massachusetts, 

Oct.  31 

0 

0 

I.  I.  & N.  Brooke, 

Pennsylvania, 

Nov.  1 

2743 

W.  & H.  Shannon, 

Pen  nsylvania. 

Nov.  9 

2899 

Sweet,  Jenks  & Sons, 

Rhode  Island, 

Nov.  13 

2750 

79 


3io 


3i4 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  2 1 . 

Telescope  and  Sporting  Rifles. 

305  “Ruggles’  ” Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Hammer  is  on  under  side 

of  barrel.  Marked,  “RUGGLES,  STAFFORD  HOLLOW, 
CONN.,”  about  1830. 

306  Sharps’  Sporting  Rifle,  cal.  .60  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  with 

globe-sight.  Made  by  Sharps  Rifle  Mfg.  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

307  Colt’s  Telescope  Breech-loading  Revolving  Rifle,  cal.  .36  Six 

shots.  Paper  cartridge.  Samuel  Colt's  patent,  No.  7629,  Sept. 
10th,  1850.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE-ARMS  CO.,  HART- 
FORD, CONN.”  Many  used  in  Civil  War. 

308  Telescope  Rifle,  cal.  .30  Percussion.  Heavy  octagon  barrel.  Sil- 

ver-mounted. Marked,  “DWIGHT  SPENCER,  WEST 
HARTFORD,  CONN.”  Telescope  made  by  Colt.  Owned  by 
Rufus  King,  Hartford,  Conn. 

309  Prussian  Rifle,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Walnut  stock.  Heavy 

octagon  barrel,  adjustable  sights.  Has  a nipple  guard,  held  by 
a battery  spring.  Hair  trigger.  Brass-mounted.  Patch-box 
having  sliding  wood  cover.  Relic  of  the  Civil  War. 

Note. — A lot  of  these  old  rifles  were  purchased  and  used  by 
the  Confederate  government. 

310  “Kentucky”  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .45  Long  octagon  barrel. 

Brass-mounted.  Fancy  patch-box.  Finely  engraved.  Marked, 
“GEORGE  GOULCHER."  This  rifle  was  once  the  property 
of  an  Indian  by  the  name  of  Abram  Antoine,  who  was  chief  of 
the  Stockbridge  tribe  of  Oneida  Indians,  New  York  State.  He 
was  a bad  man,  and  killed  many  white  people  in  his  day  with 
this  rifle,  in  the  vicinity  of  Morrisville,  N.  Y.,  from  1800  to  1822. 
The  last  white  man  he  killed  was  a Mr.  Jacobs,  for  which  he 
was  captured  and  hanged  in  1823  in  the  village  of  Morrisville, 
N.  Y.  His  daughter  Mary  was  hanged  five  miles  from  Morris- 
ville, in  the  village  of  Peterboro,  for  murdering  a man  before 
Antoine  himself  was  hanged.  The  rifle  was  broken  when 
Antoine  was  captured.  It  was  repaired  by  putting  a rib  under 
the  barrel.  The  rifle  has  been  owned  and  used  by  many  since 
Antoine  was  captured  and  hanged. 

31 1 Indian  Chief’s  Flint-lock  Rifle,  cal.  .45  Heavy  octagon  barrel, 

finely  engraved.  Silver-mounted.  Marked,  “H.  E.  LEMAN, 


b 1 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


LANCASTER,  PA.”  Picked  up  on  the  battle-field  of 
Wounded  Knee  Creek,  near  Pine  Ridge,  S.  D.,  after  the  fight, 
Dec.  29th,  1890,  by  a member  of  Troop  “A,”  7th  U.  S.  Cav., 
stationed  at  Fort  Riley,  Kan. 

312  Telescope  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Heavy  octagon  barrel,  hav- 

ing a false  muzzle  (protecting  barrel  and  telescope),  which  has 
been  removed  in  photograph  to  show  its  construction.  Made 
for  Berdan  Sharpshooters  by  R.  A.  Moore,  Courtland  Street, 
New  York.  The  rifle  belonged  to  Captain  Isaac  P.  Judson  of 
New  York,  who  was  an  expert  rifleman,  and  belonged  to  the 
Berdan  Sharpshooters.  He  used  this  rifle  at  Hampton  Roads, 
Va.,  as  well  as  in  many  other  battles  during  the  Civil  War. 

313  Telescope  Rifle,  cal.  .42  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel.  Silver- 

mounted.  Stocked  by  Fidel  Bubser,  Hartford,  Conn.  Tele- 
scope. Marked,  ‘‘DANIEL  POTTER,  HARTFORD,  CT.” 
An  expensive,  fine  rifle  in  its  day.  Made  by  Kellogg,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  in  1867.  Formerly  owned  by  Rufus  King, 
Hartford,  Conn. 

314  Sharps’  Sporting  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .44  Metallic  cartridge, 

rim  fire.  Set  or  hair  trigger.  Octagon  barrel,  globe  and 
peep  sights.  Patch-box.  C.  Sharps’  patent,  No.  22,752,  Jan. 
25,  1859.  Marked,  “SHARPS  RIFLE  MFG.  CO.,  HART- 
FORD, CONN.” 


ARSENALS  AND  DEPOTS  IN  UNITED  STATES  IN  1822. 

Watertown,  Mass.;  Watervliet,  N.  Y.;  Rome,  N.  Y.;  New  York  City; 
Frankford,  Pa.;  one  near  Baltimore;  Newport,  Ivy.;  Greenleaf’s  Point, 
D.  C.;  one  near  Richmond,  Va.;  Charleston,  S.  C.;  (depot)  Savannah,  Ga.; 
Augusta,  Ga.;  New  Orleans;  Baton  Rouge;  Belle  Fontaine;  Detroit,  Mich.; 
Springfield,  Mass.;  Harper's  Ferry;  (barracks)  Carlisle,  Pa. 

In  1841  the  arsenals  in  the  United  States  were  nineteen  in  number,  as 
follows: 

Alleghany,  Apalachicola,  Augusta,  Baton  Rouge,  Champlain,  Detroit, 
Fort  Monroe,  Frankford,  Kennebec,  Mt.  Vernon  (Ala.),  Pikesville  (N.  C.), 
Rome  (N.  Y.),St.  Louis,  Washington,  Watertown,  Watervliet,  Harper's 
Ferry  and  Springfield.  There  were  five  ordnance  depots;  Charleston,  New 
York,  Palatka,  Rock  Island  and  Tampa  Bay. 


82 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


ARMS  MADE  AND  REPAIRED  AT  THE  U.  S.  ARMORY  AT 
SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.,  FROM  ITS  ESTABLISHMENT 
TO  THE  CLOSE  OF  THE  YEAR  1848. 


Y ear. 

Muskets. 

Year. 

Muskets. 

1795 

245 

1822 

13.200 

1796 

835 

1823 

14,070 

1797 

1 ,028 

Bayonets. 

1824 

14,000 

1798 

1.434 

390 

1825 

15,000 

1799 

4-595 

4.595 

1826 

15.500 

1800 

5.304 

5.304 

1827 

14.505 

1801 

3.205 

1828 

15.560 

1802 

4.358 

1829 

16,500 

1803 

4.775 

1830 

16,480 

1804 

3.566 

1831 

16,200 

1805 

3.535 

1832 

16,370 

1806 

2,018 

1833 

12,400 

1807 

5,692 

1834 

14, 160 

1808 

5.870 

Carbines. 

Muskets  Repaired. 

1835 

13,000 

1809 

7,070 

600 

1 ,086 

1836 

13.520 

1810 

9,700 

602 

1 ,406 

1837 

14,500 

i8n 

12,020 

1838 

15,000 

1812 

10,140 

1839 

10,000 

1813 

6,920 

11,105 

1840 

15.969 

1814 

9.585 

5.475 

1841 

10,720 

1815 

7.279 

21,145 

1842 

9,720 

1816 

7.199 

5.125 

1843 

4,600 

1817 

13.015 

Pistols. 

454 

1844 

4,700 

1818 

12,000 

1 ,000 

1 10 

1845 

11,027 

Rifles. 

1819 

12,000 

250 

80 

1846 

14,265 

1820 

13.200 

259 

1847 

14.310 

1821 

13.000 

80 

1848 

11,250 

Cost  of  the  workmanship  of  a musket  complete  in  1819  at  Springfield  : 


Cost  of  manufacturing  barrel $1.31 

Cost  of  manufacturing  lock  2.10 

Cost  of  mountings,  with  rod  and  bayonet. . . . 1.50 

Cost  of  stocking  and  finishing 1.66 

$6.57 

Expense  of  workmanship  and  materials,  or  musket  complete  : 

20  lbs.  iron,  @ 8c $1.60 

3 lbs.  steel,  @ 16c 48 

Rough  stock 30 

Coal  1. 00 

Files 20 

Labor  6.57 

Wear  of  tools  and  machinery 1.00 

$12.40 


Each  workman  stamps  his  work,  and  each  inspector  of  it  his. 

STATEMENT  OF  ARMS  MANUFACTURED  AT  THE  SPRING- 
FIELD  ARMORY  DURING  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 


Y ear. 

Number. 

Cost  Each. 

1861 

00 

O 

$13.11 

1862 

102,410 

h. 81 

1863 

217,784 

10.69 

1864 

276,200 

10.69 

1865 

195,341 

14.12 

805.557 

$11.70— 

319 


COLLECTION  OP  PI  RE-ARMS 


Case  No.  22. 

Indian  Rifles.  Some  of  these  Rifles  were  Captured  and  Others 
Surrendered  by  Hostile  Indians  (Sioux  and  Cheyenne) 

SOON  AFTER  THE  CuSTER  MASSACRE,  JUNE  26,  1876,  ON  THE 

Little  Bighorn  River,  Wyoming  Territory. 

315  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock; 

broken,  and  repaired  with  rawhide.  Patch-box.  Brass- 
mounted,  and  ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Marked,  “H.  E. 
LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

316  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock  : 

broken,  repaired  with  rawhide;  much  worn.  Marked,  “H.  E. 
LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

317  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock, 

with  a bullet-hole  through  the  butt  near  the  patch-box.  Brass- 
mounted,  and  ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Marked,  “H.  E. 
LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

318  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Set  (hair)  trigger,  octagon 

barrel,  black  walnut  stock;  broken,  and  repaired  with  rawhide. 
Iron-mounted,  ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Marked, 
“J.  HENRY  & SON.” 

319  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock; 

much  worn,  broken,  and  repaired  with  rawhide.  Brass- 
mounted.  Patch-box.  Marked,  “H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCAS- 
TER, PA.” 

320  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Set  or  hair  trigger,  octagon 

barrel,  walnut  stock,  ornamented  with  brass  tacks  and  rawhide  ; 
in  very  good  order.  Marked,  “J.  HENRY  & SON." 

321  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock; 

badly  used ; ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Brass-mounted. 
Patch-box.  Marked,  “H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

322  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock; 

much  worn ; ornamented  with  brass  tacks ; butt  of  the  stock 
nearly  covered  with  rawhide.  Brass-mounted.  Marked. 
”H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

323  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .68  Percussion.  Heavy,  round  barrel,  black  wal- 

nut stock,  much  worn.  Iron-mounted.  Marked,  ”G.  D.  & 

CO.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO.” 


85 


325 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  23. 

Indian  Rifles.  Some  of  these  Rifles  were  Captured  and  Others 
Surrendered  by  Hostile  Indians  (Sioux  and  Cheyenne)  soon 
AFTER  THE  CUSTER  MASSACRE,  JUNE  26,  1876,  ON  TFIE 

Little  Bighorn  River,  Wyoming  Territory. 

324  Sharps’  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Paper  cartridge.  Primer- 

lock.  C.  Sharps’  patent,  Oct.  5,  1852.  Marked,  “SHARPS 
RIFLE  MFC.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

325  Indian  Musket,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Barrel  and  stock  cut  down, 

walnut  stock  ; much  worn,  and  ornamented  with  brass  tacks. 
Iron-mounted.  Strip  of  buckskin  hanging  from  guard-bow. 
Marked,  “ELI  WHITNEY,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.” 

326  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock; 

worn  ; has  been  broken,  and  repaired  with  rawhide.  Marked, 
“H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

327  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock, 

broken  ; much  worn,  repaired  with  rawhide.  Brass-mounted. 
Marked,  “J.  GOULCHER.” 

Note. — This  name  also  occurs  “J.  GOLCHER.” 

328  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .5 2 Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock. 

Patch-box.  Marked,  “H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

329  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock, 

partly  covered  with  rawhide  and  full  of  brass  tacks.  Patch- 
box  in  butt.  Marked,  “H.  E.  LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.” 

330  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel,  maple  stock. 

Brass-mounted.  Patch-box.  Stock  broken,  repaired  with 
rawhide,  and  ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Marked,  “H.  E. 
LEMAN,  LANCASTER,  PA.”  (A  noted  rifle-maker  in  his 
day.) 

331  Indian  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel;  patch-box; 

maple  stock,  broken,  and  repaired  with  rawhide.  Brass- 
mounted.  Stock  much  worn,  and  ornamented  with  brass 
tacks.  Marked,  “G.  GOLCHER.”  Nearly  all  of  the  Indian 
rifles  are  ornamented  with  brass-headed  tacks.  Popular  belief 
is  that  each  tack  represented  a soldier,  settler  or  white  woman 
killed. 

332  Gallager  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .5 2 Paper  cartridge  (linen  covered). 

M.  J.  Gallager’s  patent,  No.  29,152,  July  17th,  i860.  Marked, 
“RICHARDSON  & OVERMAN  ARMS  CO.,  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, PA.”  Ornamented  with  brass  tacks.  Has  a piece  of 
rope  hanging  from  trigger-guard.  Originally  issued  to  United 
States  Cavalry,  and  captured  by  Indians. 

S7 


343 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  24. 

Breech-loading  Rifles  used  in  the  Civil  War.  Mauser  Rifles  Cap- 
tured by  United  States  Troops  During  the  War  with  Spain. 

333  “Greene's"  Bolt  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .535 

Paper  cartridge.  Hammer  underneath  barrel.  The  cartridges 
had  the  bullets  in  the  rear,  so  that  there  were  always  two  bul- 
lets in  the  gun  when  loaded,  the  rear  bullet  acting  as  a gas- 
check.  A wind-gauge  slide  on  the  rear  sight.  Barrel  has 
elliptical  bore.  J.  D.  Greene’s  patent.  No.  18,634,  Nov.  17th, 
1857.  Marked,  “GREENE  at  MILLBURY,  MASS." 

334  Model  of  1863,  United  States  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .58 

Percussion.  Made  for  United  States  government  by  Samuel 
Colt,  Hartford,  Conn.  Altered  to  breech-loader  by  Allin's 
method.  See  mention  of  Allin  elsewhere. 

335  German  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .54  Has  four-edged  bayonet. 

Metallic  cartridge.  Marked,  “LORRIN  SHUTZ.”  Civil  War 
relic,  Confederate  Army. 

336  English  “Enfield"  Rifled  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .577  Altered 

to  breech-loader  by  Colt  Patent  Fire-arms  Mfg.  Co.,  Hartford, 
Conn.  “Berdan”  method.  A few  used  in  the  Civil  War. 

337  Berdan  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .50  COLT'S 

FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD.  CONN^  made  30,000 
for  Russia  in  1869. 

338  Spanish  Mauser  Carbine,  cal.  7 mm.  Five  shots.  Stamped  on 

the  breech,  “Mauser  Espanol  Modelo,  1893.  Manufacture 
I.oewe  Burlin.  No.  A 5762.”  From  United  States  Armory, 
Springfield,  Mass. 

339  Spanish  Mauser  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  7.65  mm.  Five  shots. 

Turkish  pattern.  Stamped  on  the  breech,  “Waffenfbk,  Mauser 
Oberndorf  a/n,  No.  503.”  From  United  States  Armory, 
Springfield,  Mass. 

340  Spanish  Mauser  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  7.65  mm.  Five  shots. 

Argentine  pattern.  Stamped  on  the  breech,  “Mauser  Modelo 
Argentine,  1891.  Manufacture  Loewe  Burlin.  No.  G.  7507.” 
From  United  States  Armory,  Springfield,  Mass. 

341  Spanish  Mauser  Rifle  (with  bayonet),  cal.  7 mm.  Five  shots. 

Spanish  pattern.  Stamped  on  the  breech,  “Mauser  Espanol 
Modelo  1893;  Manufacture  Loewe  Burlin.  No.  A.  5246.” 
From  United  States  Armory,  Springfield,  Mass. 


89 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


342  Model  of  1874,  French  Gras  Breech-loading  Rifle  (with  saber  bay- 

onet), cal.  .45  Stamped  on  the  breech,  “Manufacture  D. 
Armes  Tulle  Mle  1874  No.  48472.”  Used  by  the  Spaniards  in 
the  recent  Spanish-American  War.  From  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

343  Spanish  [Mauser  Carbine,  cal.  7.65  mm.  Five  shots.  Argentine 

pattern.  Stamped  on  the  breech,  “Manufactura  Loewe  Burlin, 
1894,  No.  4065.”  From  United  States  Armory,  Springfield, 
Mass. 


CARTRIDGES  FOR  SMALL  ARMS,  1839. 


Balls. 

Charges 

of  Powder. 

u 

c 

.5 

OO 

Kind. 

)iamete 

Inches 

umber 

One 

Pound 

VVeighl 

Grains 

umber 

One 

Pound 

Ratio  t 
S'eight 
Ball. 

Blank 

artridg 

Grains 

Remarks. 

Z 

z 

U 

Musket 

.64 

18 

I ?0 

54 

I -3rd 

11 7 

1 

Musket 

Musketoon 

.64 

18 

85 

82 

2-9ths 

77 

Powder 

Hall’s  Carbine  \ Musket 
1 Calibre 

.64 

18 

75 

93 

1 -5th 

68 

] 

Hall’s  Carbine  | p-Jnhrp 

.525 

T2 

75 

93 

i-3rd 

68 

Rifle 

Hall’s  Rifle 

•525 

32 

mo 

70 

[ 4-9ths 

90 

Powder 

Common  Rifle 

•525 

32 

mo 

70 

90 

Pistol 

•525 

32 

50 

140 

2-9ths 

45 

DIMENSIONS  OF  CARTRIDGES,  1840. 


Kind  of  Cartridge. 


Musket 


Carbine 

Musket 

Calibre 

Carbine 

Rifle 

Calibre 


| Ball 

| Buck  and  Ball 
) Buckshot 
[ Blank 
f Ball 

J Buck  and  Ball 
] Buckshot 
Blank 

j Ball 
I Blank 


Length, 

Inches. 


2-37 
2-S5 
2-75 
r. 83 
1. 81 
2. 

2.31 

1-32 

2.1 

I.58 


Kind  of  Cartridge. 


f Ball 

tv yr  1 , Ball  and  Buck 
Musketoon  Buckshot 

[ Blank 

t?  -a  / Ball 

Rifle  - m , 

I Blank 

T} • , 1 j Ball 

Pistol  - r>,  , 

I B ank 


Length, 

Inches. 


2. 

2.18 

2-43 

1- 39 

2- 5 

1.9 

1.68 
1. 12 


90 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


ARMS  MADE  AND  REPAIRED  AT  THE  U.  S.  ARMORY  AT 
HARPER’S  FERRY,  VA.,  FROM  ITS  ESTABLISHMENT 
TO  THE  CLOSE  OF  THE  YEAR  1848. 


Y ear 

Pattern  Muskets 

<u 

04 

0 

G 

04 

03 

Wall  Pieces 

Harpoon  Guns 

Cannon  Locks  1 

Muskets 

Rifles 

Pistols 

Repaired 

Muskets 

Rifles  and 
Carbines 

Pistols  and 
Swords 

1796 

1797 

1798 

1799 

1800 

i8oi 

29  3 

1802 

1.472 

1803 

1,048 

1804 

4 

4 

156 

772 

1805 

— 

1,716 

1806 

8 

136 

1,381 

1807 

I 

50 

146 

2,880 

5.500 

1808 

6 

3.051 

1,208 

1809 

7.348 

590 

1810 

9,400 

691 

181 1 

4 

10,000 

1.392 

1812 

4 

10,200 

2,113 

531 

581 

1813 

5 

4 

40 

9,000 

612 

231 

1814 

10,400 

1 ,600 

548 

16 

1815 

5.340 

1 ,508 

23 

2 

1816 

5 

6,416 

2,052 

1817 

6 

6 

8,513 

2,726 

1818 

8 

9 

9.892 

O 

O 

ci 

1819 

2 

2 

6 

7,020 

3,324 

1820 

9.856 

1,793 

1821 

10,320 

1822 

10,100 

1823 

12,200 

1824 

10,557 

Y ear 

Muskets 

Year 

Muskets 

<U 

O 

1825 

14,000 

'835 

10,022 

<u 

IS 

u 

*04 

0 0 

1826 

8,720 

1836 

9,151 

u 

1827 

12,020 

1837 

8,200 

2 

"v 

1828 

10,316 

1838 

12,006 

O 

0 

U 

04 

1829 

18,895 

1839 

5,848 

1830 

10,130 

1840 

8,304 

1831 

11,160 

1841 

8,650 

1832 

12,000 

1842 

*6,576 

9 

I 

2 

1833 

12,040 

1843 

3,105 

1834 

12,100 

1844 

608 

^Flint-lock. 


OI 


350 


34  9 A 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  25. 

United  States  Musketoons,  American  Whaling  Guns,  etc. 

344  United  States  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .54  Percussion.  Stamped  on 

the  lock  “SPRINGFIELD”  “1854,”  and  in  front  of  the  hammer 
an  over  letters  “U.  S.”  Has  one  band  held  by  a band- 

spring. Brass  tip.  Stud  under  end  of  barrel;  ramrod  held  to 
this  stud  by  a swivel.  Ring  on  rear  of  bow-guard.  Small  leaf- 
sight.  Iron-mounted. 

345  United  States  Model  of  1842,  Rifled  Cavalry  Musketoon,  cal.  .69 

Percussion.  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1848”  “SPRINGFIELD” 
“Lb  S.”  and  an  ysg.  Has  ramrod  held  to  a stud  on  under 
side  of  barrel  by  a brass  chain  to  prevent  loss  when  loading  on 
horseback.  Brass-mounted.  Long  swivel-bar,  with  ring, 
extending  from  rear  band  to  rear  screw  of  side  plate.  Leaf- 
sight.  Brass  sight  on  front  strap  of  end  band. 

Note. — A rare  arm.  Seen  in  very  few  collections. 

346  German  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .42  Percussion.  Paper  cart- 

ridge. Lock  is  on  under  side  of  barrel.  Bolt  action.  Relic  of 
Franco-Prussian  War. 

347  “Whaling  Gun,”'  cal.  .88  Percussion.  Brass-mounted.  Shoots 

lances  and  harpoons.  From  the  old  whaling  vessel  “New 
England,”  which  sailed  from  New  London,  Conn.,  on  many 
whaling  voyages,  1841-1860. 

348  Brown  Whaling  Gun,  cal.  1.5  Percussion.  Brass  barrel  and 

stock.  Weight,  36  lbs.  Made  for  Robert  Brown,  New  Lon- 
don, Conn.,  by  Alberston,  Douglas  & Co.,  New  London,  1845. 
Formerly  owned  by  Captain  Horace  Champlin,  East  Lyme, 
Conn.,  who  sailed  “whaling”  out  of  New  London. 

349  “Brand”  Whaling  Gun,  cal.  1.25  Percussion.  Iron  barrel  and 

skeleton  stock.  Shoots  bomb,  lance  or  harpoon.  Made  by 
Brand  Arms  Co.,  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1850. 

349 A Bomb  Lance,  which  explodes  after  being  shot  from  whaling  gun. 
Belongs  to  the  gun  described  above. 

350  Model  of  1842,  United  States  Smooth-bore  “Musketoon”  (with  bay- 

onet), cal.  .69  Percussion.  Stamped  on  the  lock  “1847” 
"SPRINGFIELD”  “Lb  S."  and  an  ^ . Made  at  the  Spring- 
field  Armory  in  1847. 

Note. — The  manufacture  of  Musketoons  was  discontinued  in 
1855. 


93 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 

351  Model  of  1855,  United  States  Rifle  (with  saber  bayonet),  cal.  .58 

Percussion.  Patch-box.  Made  at  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory  in 
i860.  Civil  War  relic,  Federal  Army. 

Note. — Patch-box  was  added  to  musket  of  this  model  in 
1859. 

352  “Richards’  ” Double-barrel  Rifle  and  Shot-gun  ; rifle  cal.  .35,  shot- 

gun cal.  .70  Percussion.  Laminated  barrels.  Marked, 
“RICHARDS/LONDON,  ENGLAND.” 

353  Lawrence  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Paper  cart- 

ridge. Richard  S.  Lawrence’s  patent,  No.  8637,  Jan.  6th,  1852. 
Marked,  “R.  S.  LAWRENCE,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

354  Rowe’s  Breech-loading  Rifled  Carbine,  cal.  .52  Percussion. 

Paper  cartridge.  A.  H.  Rowe’s  patent.  No.  42,227,  April  5, 
1864.  This  patent  proved  to  lie  an  infringement  of  Richard  S. 
Lawrence’s  patent,  No.  8637,  Jan.  6th,  1852,  and  was  turned 
over  to  Lawrence.  Marked,  “A.  H.  ROWE,  HARTFORD, 
CONN.,  1864.”  The  barrel  rotates  to  the  right.  Has  two 
triggers,  one  for  cocking  and  the  other  for  firing;  the  hammer  is 
out  of  sight. 

355  Cane  Gun,  cal.  .60  Percussion.  Hammer  underneath  barrel. 

Brass  barrel,  leather-covered.  Has  an  extra  handle,  which 
screws  onto  the  barrel  when  used  as  a cane. 


STATEMENT  OF  ORDNANCE  PURCHASED  IN  EUROPE. 


Year. 

By  Whom. 

Article. 

From. 

Price. 

1832  - 

r 

Lieut. 

Daniel  Tyler, 
by  authority 
of  War  Dept. 

Six  Muskets, 
different  models. 

Six  Carbines, 
different  models. 
Three  pairs  Pistols. 

France 

© $35-93 
© 28.39 
@ 16.40 

1840  ■ 

Ordnance 

Board. 

Four  Muskets, 
different  models. 
One  Carbine. 
One  Pistol. 

England 

121.50 

18.50 

. 

F.  Cotterrell, 
New  York. 

Two  Swiss  Rifles. 

imported  trom 
Geneva 

55-91 

As  in  1795,  when  the  French  “ Charleville  ” smooth-bore  musket — the 
highest  type  of  its  kind — was  adopted  as  the  model  for  the  first  U.  S. 
musket  made  in  Springfield,  so  again  in  1840,  from  all  of  the  above  arms, 
the  French  arm  was  selected  as  the  best  arm,  and  the  models  of  1840  and 
1842  patterned  after  it. 


94 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


ARMS  ADOPTED  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES  AND  IN 

USE  1898. 


Country. 

System.* 

Cal.  in 
1-1000. 

Cartridges 

in 

Magazine. 

Length 

Barrel. 

YVt. 

in 

lbs. 

Type. 

Argentina 

Mauser,  1891 

.301 

5 

29.  r 

8.8 

Repeater 

Austria 

Mannlicher,  1888 

•315 

5 

30.1 

10. 1 

Belgium 

Mauser,  1889 

.301 

5 

30.7 

8.8 

‘ ‘ 

Bulgaria 

Mannlicher,  1888 

•315 

5 

30.1 

10. 1 

1 1 

Chili 

Mannlicher.  1888 

•315 

5 

30.1 

1 .01 

‘ ‘ 

Denmark 

Krag-Jorgensen,  1889 

•315 

5 

32.9 

9-5 

Cut  off 

England 

Lee-Speed,  1891 

•303 

10 

30.2 

9.4 

France 

Lebel,  1886 

•315 

8 

31-5 

9.4 

‘ ‘ 

Berthier,  1891 

.301 

4 

8-5 

Repeater 

Germany 

Mannlicher,  1888 

•31 1 

5 

29.1 

8-5 

Holland 

Mannlicher,  1892 

.256 

5 

31  - 1 

9.1 

‘ ‘ 

Italy 

Carcano,  1892 

.256 

5 

28.8 

8.5 

‘ ‘ 

Japan 

Murato,  1887 

•315 

8 

29.6 

9- 

Cut  off 

Norway 

Krag-Jorgensen,  1893 

.256 

5 

3i  • 1 

8.7 

‘ ‘ 

Portugal 

Kropatschek 

•315 

8 

32.3 

10.2 

‘ ‘ 

Roumania 

Mannlicher,  1891 

.256 

5 

28.6 

8.7 

Repeater 

Russia 

Mouzin,  1891 

.300 

5 

9-5 

Spain 

Mauser,  1891 

■275 

5 

8.6 

Cut  off 

Switzerland 

Schmidt,  1889 

■295 

1 2 

30.7 

10.4 

Turkey 

Krag-Jorgensen,  1893 

.300 

5 

30. 

8.7 

‘ ‘ 

95 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  26. 

Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces  ; Wall-pieces. 

356  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted.  Used  at  New 

London  in  1781. 

357  German  Flint-lock  M.  L.  Rifle,  cal.  .7 5 Wall-piece,  very  heavy. 

Sights  on  it  for  800,  1200  and  1800  yards.  Has  hair  trigger. 
Butt  of  stock  cut  away  to  rest  it  on  shoulder  when  fired. 
Marked,  “CRAUSIN,  HERZBURG,  GERMANY,  1818.” 

358  Dutch  Flint-lock  M.  L.  Gun,  cal.  .80  Brass-mounted.  Made  in 

Holland  in  the  sixteenth  century  and  brought  to  this  country 
by  some  of  the  first  settlers,  who  settled  on  North  River,  near 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

359  Swivel  Breech-loading  Gun,  cal.  1.  Percussion.  Paper  cartridge. 

Stamped  on  the  lock,  “M.  R.  de  Charleville on  the  barrel, 
“1832.”  Made  at  Liege,  Belgium. 

360  Dutch  Flint-lock  Wall-piece,  cal.  .96  It  has  a spur  on  the  barrel 

near  the  muzzle.  This  is  used  for  catching  it  on  the  outer  wall 
or  edge  of  the  porthole  to  check  the  recoil  when  the  gun  is  fired. 
From  an  old  fort  in  Amsterdam,  Holland. 

361  French  ^Lci^Ienrf/llc. — Flint-lock,  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .70 

Engraved  on  the  end  of  the  lock,  in  rear  of  cock,  in  large  letters, 
“U.S.”  On  the  barrel  stamped  “1763.”  Nearly  twelve  inches 
of  the  barrel  cut  off,  leaving  only  two  bands.  Left  side  of  the 
butt  has  the  so-called  “cheek  place,”  allowing  face  to  lie  close 
to  the  stock.  Fought  with  in  the  Revolutionary  War  by  John 
Mayer,  Somerset  County,  N.  J.,  who  was  commissioned  as 
commissary  Oct.  1st,  1778.  This  gun  and  the  English  “Brown 
Bess”  were  the  principal  arms  used  by  the  Americans  in  the 
Revolution. 


97 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  27. 

Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces. 

362  Percussion  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .69  Brass-mounted.  Flalf-stocked. 

Rib  under  the  barrel.  Marked,  “LITTLE  & PINKHAM.” 

363  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Marked,  “I,  ADAMS.” 

Stamped  on  the  barrel,  “L.  H.”  and  “1827.”  Brass-mounted. 

364  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted.  No  name  on 

the  lock.  Was  fought  with  in  War  of  1812  at  Stonington. 

365  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Engraved  on  the  lock,  “1756.” 

Barrel  ornamented  with  brass.  Brass-mounted.  An  elegant 
arm. 

366  Belgian  Flint-lock  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .64  Stock  painted 

red.  Made  at  Liege,  Belgium,  for  the  Egyptian  trade. 

367  English  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Marked,  “J.  T.  TAR- 

RANT’7 “LONDON.”  Brass-mounted. 

368  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted.  Used  in  the 

Revolutionary  War.  From  Brooklyn,  Conn. 

369  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Marked,  “A.  W.  SPIES.” 

Brass-mounted.  Model  of  the  Kentucky  rifle.  Beautiful 
maple  stock. 


99 


373 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  28. 

Flint-lock  Fowling-pieces,  Single  and  Double  Barrel. 

370  Single-barrel,  Percussion  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted. 

One  of  the  first  models  of  the  percussion-lock. 

371  English  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .60  Marked, 

“HARRIS,”  London.  The  barrels  are  finely  made  and  inlaid 
with  gold.  Stock  has  been  broken  and  repaired.  Originally  a 
pair  of  these  double-barrel  guns  belonged  to  a gentleman  in 
Berwick,  England.  The  mate  of  this  one  was  presented  to  the 
Berwick  Museum,  England.  Very  old.  From  George  Hart, 
Pilgrim  Street,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  England. 

372  English  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .60  Stock  is 

inlaid  with  silver.  Silver-mounted.  Marked,  “KETLAND, 
LONDON.” 

373  Single-barrel,  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .70  Engraved  on  the 

lock,  “R.  E.  A.”  Brass-mounted. 

374  English  Double-barrel  Shot-gun,  cal.  .70  Marked  on  the  barrels, 

“A.  H.”  Damascus  twist.  Finely  made  gun  of  its  day.  For- 
merly owned  by  Mr.  Rufus  King,  Hartford,  Conn. 

375  Double-barrel  Shot-gun,  cal.  .64  Percussion.  Finely  engraved. 

Twist,  Damascus.  Maker’s  name,  “F.  NOWAK,”  “PRAGUE,” 
in  gold  letters,  inlaid  in  the  top  between  the  barrels.  Iron- 
mounted. 

376  English  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock,  Smooth-bore  Fowling-piece,  cal. 

.60  Brass-mounted.  This  gun  was  purchased  in  Georgia  in 
1817  by  Mr.  Abraham  Foot,  and  remained  in  his  family  until 
purchased  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Vining,  in  1893. 

377  Belgian  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock  Fowling-piece,  cal.  .60  Barrels 

finely  engraved.  Carved  stock.  Made  in  Liege,  Belgium. 


ARMS  SOLD  TO  STATES  BY  THE  U.  S.  GOVERNMENT. 


Date 

To 

Number. 

May  3,  1808 

Georgia 

4000 

May  16,  1809 

Maryland 

4000 

Feb.  16,  1810 

Georgia 

4000 

Aug.  4,  1810 

Maryland 

1200 

Oct.  1,  1811 

Maryland 

1200 

June  10,  1812 

Maryland 

1200 

Aug.  5,  1812 

Delaware 

150 

Sept.  1,  1812 

Delaware 

500 

101 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  29. 

Sitting  Bull’s,  John  Brown’s  and  Other  Rifles. 

378  German  Air-gun,  cal.  .45  With  iron  globe  placed  below  the  barrel. 

Fired  by  air  being  compressed  into  the  globe  by  an  air-pump. 
The  air  is  allowed  to  escape  rapidly  when  fired.  The  barrel  is 
inlaid  with  gold  and  silver.  Carved  stock.  Marked,  “C.  G. 
WERNER,  1752;”  a gunmaker  in  Leipsic,  1750  to  1780. 

379  Bavarian  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock  Gun,  cal.  .60  Sometimes  called 

“Up-and-Down”  gun.  Iron-mounted.  This  gun  has  the  bar- 
rels revolving  on  a common  axis,  parallel  with  the  stock,  each 
barrel  having  a pan  and  battery.  One  lock,  having  one  cock 
and  a single  trigger,  fires  both  barrels,  which  are  turned  in  suc- 
cession until  opposite  the  cock  and  in  the  proper  position  for 
firing,  in  which  position  they  are  retained  by  a small  spring 
bolt,  moved  by  a stud  fixed  and  working  upon  the  fore  part  of 
the  trigger-bow.  The  date  of  its  manufacture  can  be  fixed 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  They  were  originally  from 
Bavaria.  Many  of  them  were  used  in  the  Alps. 

380  Four-barrel  Revolving  Shot-gun,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Revolves 

by  hand.  No  name  or  marks. 

381  “Klein”  Sharpshooter’s  Rifle,  cal.  .45  Percussion.  Octagon  bar- 

rel, globe  and  peep  sights.  Silver-mounted.  Marked,  “P.  H. 
KLEIN,  NEW  YORK,”  and  used  by  John  Haislop,  sharp- 
shooter, in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  2d  and  3d,  1863. 

382  Leonard  Double-barrel  Rifle  and  Shot-gun,  combined ; rifle  cal.  .35, 

shot-gun  cal.  .60  Rifle  barrel  over  the  shot  barrel ; both  per- 
cussion. Globe  and  peep  sights.  Silver-mounted.  Mahog- 
any stock.  A fine  gun.  Marked,  “A.  LEONARD  & SONS, 
SAXONS  RIVER,  VT.” 

383  Ancient  type  of  Flint-lock. 

384  s itting  Bull’s  Rifle,  cal.  .42  Percussion.  Octagon  barrel.  Brass- 

mounted.  Silver  patch-box.  Stock  is  decorated  with  twenty- 
three  pieces  of  ornamental  silver.  Engraved  on  the  lock  the 
maker’s  name,  “J.  GOLCHER.”  This  rifle  was  purchased  of  a 
trader,  who  traded  a breech-loading  rifle  for  it  with  Sitting 
Bull. 

Note. — Golcher  (sometimes  engraved  Goulcher)  was  a 
famous  rifle-maker,  and  made  the  finest  Indian  and  “Ken- 
tucky” rifles. 


103 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


385  Th  ree-barrel  Gun.  Two  barrels  rifled,  cal.  .38;  one-barrel  shot-gun, 

cal.  .70  The  two  rifle  barrels  side  by  side  above,  with  two 
hammers  on  top;  shot  barrel  between  and  underneath,  with 
hammer  underneath  all  three.  Percussion. 

386  John  Brown’s  Breech-loading  Rifle,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Paper 

cartridge.  Octagon  barrel.  Beautifully  polished,  black  wal- 
nut stock,  with  fancy  patch-box.  No  maker’s  name  or  number 
on  the  rifle  to  show  who  made  it,  or  where  it  was  made.  This 
rifle  was  made  expressly  for  John  Brown,  who  did  not  care  to 
have  any  maker’s  name  on  it.  Brown  carried  it  on  his  Kansas 
campaign.  It  was  afterwards  presented  to  Charles  Blair  of 
Collinsville,  Conn.  Brown  called  at  his  home  on  the  third  day 
of  June,  1859,  and  presented  him  with  this  rifle.  Made  by 
Maynard  Gun  Co.,  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.,  1856. 

387  Sixteenth  Century  German  Air-gun,  cal.  .38  The  barrel  is  lined 

with  brass.  In  the  stock  at  the  butt  is  a bellows,  with  machin- 
ery arranged  to  compress  the  air ; operated  with  a crank  or  key. 
One  of  the  earliest  air-guns  made.  The  manufacture  of  these 
guns  was  forbidden.  The  first  improvement  in  this  gun  was 
an  air-pump  for  compressing  the  air,  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. 


COMPARATIVE  EXPENSE  OF  MANUFACTURING  A MUSKET. 

IN  1817. 


Cost  at  Springfield  Armory $13-56 

Cost  at  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory 14.25 

Average  cost,  $13.90 

Contract  price,  14.00 

in  1821. 

Cost  at  Springfield  Armory $12.06 

Cost  at  Harper’s  Ferry  Armory 12.97 

Average  cost,  $12.51 

Difference,  1817  and  1821,  1.39 

Average  cost  estimated  for  1822 $12.00 

Contract  price  to  be r2.oo 


104 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


SYSTEMS  USED  BY  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES  IN  1880. 

The  table  following'  shows  what  countries  had  adopted  the  various 
breech-loading  systems  in  1880. 

It  is  noticeable  that  when  a foreign  country  overcame  national  preju- 
dice and  adopted  a system  not  their  own,  it  was  invariably  one  of  Ameri- 
can invention: 


System. 

Country. 

Description  of  Breech  System. 

Albini 

Belgium 

Block  pivoted  at  rear,  at  right  angle  to  axis 
of  chamber,  and  opening  upwards  and 
forwards. 

Beaumont 

Berdan 

Holland 

Russia 

Block  sliding  backward  in  receiver,  on  a 
plane  with  axis  of  chamber. 

Carcano 

Italy 

Transformed  bolt  gun. 

Chassepot 

Dreyse 

Mauser 

France  ) 

Prussia 

Prussia  1 

Block  sliding  backward  in  receiver,  on  a 
plane  with  axis  of  chamber. 

Peabody — Martini 
and 

Martini — Henry 

Great  Britain  ) 

Turkey 

Roumania  1 

Block  pivoted  at  rear,  at  right  angle  to 
axis  of  chamber,  and  falling  forward 
within  receiver. 

Remington 

Spain 

Holland 

Egypt 

Denmark 

Sweden,  Norway 

S.  Am.  Republic 

China 

Block  rotating  upon  axis  at  right  angles  to 
axis  of  chamber  and  opening  backward. 

Springfield 

United  States 

Block  pivoted  at  front,  at  right  angle  to 
axis  of  chamber,  and  thrown  upward  and 
forward. 

Werner 

Bavaria 

Block  pivoted  upon  center,  at  right  angle 
to  axis  of  chamber,  and  falling  forward. 

Werndl 

Austria 

Block  rotating  upon  axis  parallel  to  axis  of 
chamber. 

105 


395 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  30. 

Foreign  Flint-lock  Guns,  etc. 

388  Model  of  1763,  French  Flint-lock,  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .75 

Engraved  in  script  on  the  lock,  “Manufure  De  Charleville." 
In  1795  this  musket,  the  highest  type  of  its  kind  in  Europe,  was 
selected  as  the  model  for  the  first  arms  made  by  the  govern- 
ment at  the  Springfield  Armory.  This  specimen  was  fought 
with  by  Paul  Davidson  of  Hebron,  Conn.,  in  the  Revolution. 

389  Flint-lock,  Smooth-bore  Musket,  cal.  .69  Three  brass  bands,  and 

brass-mounted.  Stamped  on  the  lock  is  the  maker’s  name, 
“E.  W.  SPIES.” 

390  Austrian  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .75  Has  long,  heavy  bayonet. 

On  the  lock  is  a safety-catch  in  rear  of  hammer. 

391  Dutch  Flint-lock  Musket,  cal.  .70  Has  four  brass  bands,  and  is 

brass-mounted.  Made  by  TOME,  Amsterdam,  Holland. 
Engraved  on  plate,  “W.L.I.  Fund.” 

392  Model  of  1822,  United  States  Smooth-bore  Musket.  Flint-lock, 

altered  to  Percussion.  Made  for  the  United  States  government 
by  W.  L.  Evans,  VALLEY  FORGE.  On  the  stock  is  cut 
“H.  A.  SHAW,  79th.” 

393  Lindsay’s  Repeating  Rifle,  cal.  .58  Percussion.  Two  locks,  two 

hammers,  one  trigger  and  one  barrel.  Bullet  of  first  cartridge 
acts  as  a breech  for  the  second  cartridge.  Proved  a failure. 
Only  a few  made  at  Springfield  Armory  in  i860.  Civil  War 
relic  used  in  Confederate  Army. 

394  Minie  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .69  Made  at  the  Springfield 

Armory  (1842).  Altered  to  percussion  in  1854. 

395  German  Flint-lock  Musket  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .70  Three  brass 

bands,  and  brass-mounted.  Heavy,  square-shaped  butt-plate. 


In  1841-42  the  number  of  private  armories  in  the  country  employed 
by  contract  was  seven. 


E.  Pomeroy,  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  m 
E.  Whitney,  Whitneyville,  Conn., 

N.  Starr,  Middletown,  “ 

H.  Derringer,  Philadelphia,  Penn., 

A.  Waters,  Millbury,  Mass., 

R.  Johnson,  Middletown,  Conn., 

S.  North,  Middletown,  “ 

Total  small  arms, 


ufacturing  yearly  1200  muskets. 

“ “ 1500  “ 

“ “ 1200  rifles. 

“ “ 1200 

“ 3000  pistols. 

“ “ 3000 

“ 2000  Hall's  carbines. 

13,100 


IO7 


400 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  31. 

Modern  United  States  Guns.  Modern  Magazine  Guns  Used  in 

Foreign  Countries. 

396  Model  of  1893,  Mannlicher  (with  knife  bayonet),  cal.  6.5  mm. 

(.256  inches.)  Roumania.  Like  the  German  gun,  has  a maga- 
zine with  a sliding  and  turning  bolt.  The  follower  is  simply  a 
lever  with  no  swinging  leaf,  and  the  magazine  has  no  cut-off. 

397  Model  of  1895,  Mannlicher  Rifle  (with  knife  bayonet),  cal.  8.  mm. 

(.315  inches.)  Austria.  A magazine  gun.  The  bolt  is  oper- 
ated by  a simple  forward  and  back  motion  of  the  hand.  Mag- 
azine is  under  the  receiver.  To  fill  it  the  holt  is  drawn  back. 
Cartridges  can  not  be  inserted  one  at  a time  into  the  magazine. 

398  Model  of  1890,  Mannlicher  Rifle  (with  knife  bayonet),  cal.  8.  mm. 

(.315  inches.)  Germany.  A magazine  gun.  The  follower  is 
simply  a lever  with  no  swinging  leaf,  and  the  magazine  has  no 
cut-off.  The  bolt  differs  but  little  from  the  bolt  of  the  old 
Mauser  system.  The  head  of  the  bolt  does  not  turn. 

399  Model  of  1890,  Lee  Magazine  Rifle  (with  knife  bayonet),  cal.  .45 

A bolt  gun,  with  an  opening  the  length  of  a cartridge  in  the 
bottom  of  the  receiver,  just  in  rear  of  the  barrel.  Has 
detachable  magazine  inserted  from  below.  Has  cut-off,  and 
can  be  fired  as  a single  loader. 

400  Model  of  1890,  Mannlicher-Schonauer  Rifle  (with  knife  bayonet), 

cal.  6.5  mm.  (.256  inches.)  Portugal.  A magazine  gun,  sim- 
ilar to  the  arm  adopted  by  Roumania.  Has  a strip-off  clip, 
using  rimless  cartridges,  the  magazine  being  flush  with  stock. 

401  Model  of  1883,  Winchester  (with  bayonet),  cal.  .45  A repeater 

having  three  motions  (as  a single-loader  has  four).  Fired  by 
a center  lock,  the  firing  pin  passing  through  the  bolt.  The 
magazine  is  charged  through  a hole  in  the  side  of  the  stock. 
Depressing  the  lever  draws  back  the  bolt  and  cocks  the  gun. 

402  Model  of  1890,  Mauser  (with  saber  bayonet),  cal.  7.65  mm.  (.301 

inches.)  Turkey.  A bolt-gun,  having  magazine  fixed  under 
receiver,  filled  by  passing  cartridges  through  the  receiver  from 
loading-clip.  Follower  is  practically  of  the  Mannlicher  type. 

403  United  States  Model  of  1873,  Breech-loading  Rifled  Musket,  cal.  .45 

In  1872  this  arm,  known  as  “Springfield,  No.  99,“  was  selected 
from  among  over  one  hundred  systems,  tested  to  obtain  a new 
breech-loading  arm.  This  arm  is  similar  to  Model  of  1870  in 
appearance.  The  caliber  is  reduced  from  .50  to  .45  Barrel  is 
steel  instead  of  iron,  as  in  early  models.  With  numerous 
changes  this  arm  continued  in  use  until  1892,  when  the  modi- 
fied “Krag”  was  adopted  and  the  caliber  reduced  to  .30 

109 


U.  S.  MODEL  OF  1903. 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


U.  S.  Model  of  1903. 

Magazine  Rifle,  cal.  .30  This  arm,  to  be  issued  to  all  government 
troops,  differs  in  many  ways  from  all  models  heretofore  fabricated.  The 
entire  barrel  is  encased  in  wood,  the  front  sight  excepted.  There  are  90 
component  parts  to  the  gun  (Model  of  1795  had  about  35).  Compared 
with  the  old  flint-lock  musket,  which,  in  the  hands  of  a “well-disciplined" 
soldier,  could  be  fired  three  times  a minute,  this  new  rifle  has  been  fired 
23  times  a minute  as  a single-loader  (aimed  shots),  and  25  times  a minute 
(aimed  shots)  as  a magazine  arm ; without  aiming,  27  shots  as  a single- 
loader, and  35  using  magazine  fire,  a minute.  When  used  as  a magazine 
gun,  it  is  loaded  with  “clips,”  which  hold  five  cartridges  each.  The 
operating  parts  are  the  Bolt  Mechanism  and  Magazine  Mechanism.  The 
bolt  moves  backward  and  forward  and  rotates  in  the  well  of  the  receiver, 
carries  a cartridge  either  from  the  magazine,  or  one  placed  by  hand  in 
front  of  it,  into  the  chamber  and  supports  its  head  when  fired.  Pushing 
the  bolt  forward  after  charging  the  magazine  ejects  the  “clip,”  which  may 
be  noticed  when  in  position  is  vertical.  A “cut-off”  having  a thumb- 
piece,  which  when  turned  down  shows  “OFF,”  converts  the  gun  into  a 
single-shooter.  When  turned  up,  the  word  “ON”  indicates  the  arm  is 
ready  to  be  loaded  from  the  magazine.  Flas  front  and  rear  sights,  and 
rod  bayonet.  Upper  band  has  stacking  swivel;  is  held  by  a screw. 
Lower  band,  having  swivel  held  by  a band  spring.  Butt  swivel  plate 
and  swivel.  The  bolt  in  this  gun  may  be  removed  in  a second,  and 
thrown  away,  rendering  the  arm  unserviceable.  Total  length  of  gun 
43.43  inches.  Weight,  8.937  pounds. 


1 1 1 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  40. 

Match-lock,  Wheel-lock,  Snaphaunce-lock  and  Flint-lock  Pistols. 

451  Seventeenth  Century,  Moorish  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .70  Barrel 

slightly  bell  muzzle.  Brass-mounted. 

452  Seventeenth  Century,  Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Iron- 

mounted.  A rare  old  piece.  From  Constantinople. 

453  French  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .70  Trigger-guard  bow  gone. 

Brass-mounted.  Wood  ramrod.  Marked,  “LE  PAGE  MOU- 
TIER,  PARIS,”  a celebrated  gunmaker,  about  1665  to  1685, 
during  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 

454  Seventeenth  Century,  Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Lock 

inlaid  with  gold.  Silver  bands,  and  silver  crescent  on'  the  butt 
of  stock.  From  Diarbekir,  Turkey. 

455  Seventeenth  Century,  Flint-lock  Bell-muzzle  Pistol,  cal.  ij  inches. 

Half  octagon  barrel.  Lock  and  barrel  finely  inlaid  with  gold. 
From  Erzeroum,  Turkey,  on  river  Euphrates,  about  700  miles 
east  of  Constantinople,  and  formerly  belonged  to  a chief  or 
“bey.” 

456  I Pair  Seventeenth  Century,  Flint-lock  Bell-muzzle  Pistols,  cal.  id 

457  f inches.  Barrels  inlaid  with  gold.  Silver-mounted.  Carved 

stock.  From  Ivemach,  Asiatic  Turkey. 

458  Double-barrel  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Carved  mahogany  stock, 

the  butt  representing  a head.  Very  old  and  rare. 

459  English  Double-barrel,  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .54  Marked, 

“TWIGGS,  LONDON.”  A rare  specimen. 

460  Russian  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  at  the  muzzle  i-|  x 1 inch ; so-called 

“oval  bore.”  Brass-mounted.  Initial  of  maker’s  name  inlaid 
in  gold ; also  a crown  stamped  on  the  barrel.  Very  old ; rare 
arm.  Purchased  in  Moscow,  Russia. 

461  Seventeenth  Century,  Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Barrel 

and  stock  inlaid  with  silver.  From  Constantinople. 

462  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .42  Made  by  Armstrong,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

463  Foreign  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .42  Brass-mounted.  Mahogany 

stock.  Engraved  on  the  lock  “A.  ANSBACH.”  Inlaid  with 
gold  in  the  top  of  barrel,  “I.  M.  HAMAN.” 

464  ) Pair  Eighteenth  Century,  English  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Can- 

465  i non-shaped  barrels.  Silver-mounted.  Made  in  London,  Eng. 

466  Sixteenth  Century,  Japanese  Match-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .75  Bronze 

barrel  inlaid  with  gold.  Ebony  stock,  beautifully  silver- 
mounted.  A very  choice  specimen.  From  Japan. 

1 1 3 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


467  \ Pair  Seventeenth  Century  Wheel-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Iron- 

468  | mounted.  A rare  pair,  showing  the  first  improvement  in  fire- 

arms after  the  match-lock.  First  used  about  1540.  From 
Athens,  Greece.  No.  468  shows  the  arm  cocked. 

469  | Pair  Sixteenth  Century  Snaphaunce-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .60  Pecu- 

470  | liar ly  shaped  stocks,  covered  with  ornamental  brass,  and  finely 

inlaid  with  silver.  From  Constantinople. 

471  1 Pair  Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .70  Large  size.  Silver  bands, 

472  ) otherwise  iron-mounted.  Very  finely  engraved.  On  the  bar- 

rels is  inlaid  in  gold  “CONVNIO.”  From  Constantinople. 

473  / Pair  Seventeenth  Century,  Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .60 

474  ' Solid  silver-mounted.  From  Diarbekir,  Turkey. 

475  Seventeenth  Century, Turkish  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Brass  bar- 

rel and  butt-plate  finely  embossed.  Brass  lock-plate.  Side- 
plate  embossed  with  coat-of-arms.  Stock  inlaid  with  silver 
star,  crescent,  etc.  From  Harpoot,  south  of  Erzeroum,  on  the 
river  Euphrates,  Turkey. 

476  English  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Octagon  barrel.  Marked,  “W. 

MILLS,  LONDON.” 

477  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  All  steel.  Finely  engraved.  To  the 

cock  has  been  brazed  the  head  of  a percussion  hammer,  which 
fires  a cap  placed  on  a cone,  or  nipple,  which  has  been  brazed 
into  the  top  of  the  barrel.  Pistol  is  both  Flint-lock  and  Percus- 
sion. 

Note. — This  pistol,  seen  only  in  a few  collections,  is  known 
as  the  “Highlander,”  a class  which  is  all  by  itself.  This 
weapon,  no  doubt,  evolved  from  the  German  steel  “dag.” 
Many  “Highlanders”  were  to  be  found  in  European  armies. 
The  earliest  specimens,  seen  only  in  the  largest  collections  in 
foreign  countries,  are  all  steel,  as  is  the  one  here  exhibited. 
Three  patterns  were  made.  The  first  made  has  a heart-shaped 
butt  and  “snaphaunce”  lock.  Later  the  butt  was  fashioned 
claw-shape  (see  illustration),  having  a flint-lock.  The  latest 
of  these  pistols  has  a round  butt. 

478  Seventeenth  Century  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Silver-mounted. 

Very  old.  From  Madagascar. 

479  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Flas  an  arm  called  a 

“belt-hook”  on  the  stock  opposite  the  lock.  Brass-mounted. 
Engraved  on  the  lock,  "TOWER”  in  rear  of  cock;  and  under 
the  ^jjj,  the  letters  GR,  and  the  <r-9\ 

480  \ Pair  English  Flint-lock  Dragoon  Pistols,  cal.  .70  Large,  heavy 

481  J 

arms,  brass-mounted. 


114 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


482  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Octagon  barrel,  safety- 

slide  on  cock.  Iron-mounted.  Carved  stock.  Engraved  on 
the  lock,  “SOUTHALL;”  on  the  barrel,  “LONDON.” 

483  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .64  Octagon  barrel.  Iron- 

mounted.  Carved  stock.  Marked,  “JOVER,  LONDON.” 

484  \ Pair  English,  Heavy  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .60  Heavy. 

485  J Brass-mounted.  From  London. 

486  | Pair  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .60  Brass-mounted. 

487  I Carved  mahogany  stocks.  Engraved  on  the  locks,  “SMITH.” 


A table  showing  the  diameters,  in  thousandths  of  an  inch,  of  gun-barrels 
and  of  the  leaden  balls  corresponding  to  the  several  gauge  numbers. 


Diameter  of 

Diameter  of 

the  bore  in 

Diameter  of 

the  bore  in 

Diameter  of 

Gauge 

thousandths 

the  bullet 

Weight  of  lead 

Gauge 

thousandths 

the  bullet 

Weight  of  lead 

No. 

of  an  inch 

in 

ball  in  grains. 

No. 

of  an  inch 

in 

ball  in  grains. 

or  the 

thousandths. 

or  the 

thousandths. 

calibre. 

calibre. 

5 

.988 

■983 

1.400 

21 

.632 

.627 

333  t 

6 

.929 

.924 

i,i66| 

22 

.627 

.622 

3i8rV 

7 

.889 

.884 

1 ,000 

23 

.615 

.610 

304/3 

8 

.848 

•843 

875 

24 

.582 

•577 

29 1 1 

9 

.809 

.804 

777i 

25 

■579 

•574 

280 

10 

.791 

.786 

700 

26 

•569 

•564 

269/3 

II 

.767 

.762 

636A 

27 

•565 

.560 

269* 

12 

■752 

.747 

583  j 

28 

.562 

•557 

250 

13 

• 739 

■734 

583/3 

29 

•559 

•554 

241 B 

14 

.718 

■713 

500 

30 

•551 

■546 

233 1 

15 

.708 

•703 

466! 

31 

•537 

■532 

225?? 

16 

.666 

.661 

437* 

32 

•529 

•524 

2i8| 

17 

•659 

•654 

4i  ijf 

40 

.498 

•493 

175 

18 

•654 

.649 

3881 

48 

•463 

•458 

i45f 

19 

.648 

•643 

368/3 

50 

•456 

•451 

140 

20 

• 635 

.630 

355 

64 

.421 

.416 

109I 

115 


488  I M 497 


496 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  41. 

Flint-lock  Pistols. 

488  ) Pair  English,  Dueling  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .56  Octagon, 

489  | 

brass  barrels,  brass-mounted.  Mahogany  stocks.  Carved 
handles.  Silver  breech-plates.  Marked,  “KETLAND  & 
CO.,  LONDON.” 

490  ^ Pair  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .56  Brass  barrels, 

491  J brass-mounted.  The  original  lock  of  one  has  been  replaced  by 

one  made  by  “Goulcher.”  Marked,  “KETLAND  & CO., 
LONDON.”  Formerly  owned  by  Col.  William  H.  Maxwell 
of  the  English  Army  in  1789. 

492  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .56  Brass  barrel  and 

mounted.  Engraved  on  lock,  “RICHARDS.”  Fought  with  in 
the  Revolutionary  War  by  Timothy  Mather,  Windsor,  Conn. 

493  “Sharpe"  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .58  Brass  barrel  and 

mounted.  Stamped  on  the  barrel,  “EXTRA  SHARPE 
PROOF”;  on  the  lock,  “SHARPE.” 

494  Seventeenth  Century,  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Brass 

barrel,  stamped  “BRISTOL.”  Engraved  on  the  lock,  “GAB- 
BITAS.” 

495  English  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Percussion.  Brass  barrel  and 

mounted.  Marked,  “HOPKINS,  LONDON,  ENGLAND.” 
From  battle-field  of  Chester  Station,  Va.,  May  10th,  1864. 

496  English  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .70  Flint-lock  altered  to  Percussion. 

Brass  barrel  and  mounted.  Marked,  “KETLAND,  ENG.” 
Formerly  owned  by  Col.  William  H.  Maxwell,  English 
Army,  1789. 

497  (.  Pair  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .64  Round  barrels. 

498  j Brass-mounted.  Marked,  “KETLAND  & CO.,  LONDON.” 

499  } Pair  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .60  Half  octagon  bar- 
5°°  ) rels.  Iron-mounted.  Marked,  “W.  KETLAND  & CO., 

LONDON.” 

501  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .64  Octagon  barrel.  Iron- 

mounted.  Marked,  “JOSH  KEELEY,  LONDON.” 

502  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Brass-mounted. 

Marked,  “KETLAND  & CO.,  LONDON.” 

503  German  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Brass-mounted. 

504  Belgian  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .75  Half  octagon  barrel.  Brass- 

mounted.  Very  old.  Proof-mark 

1 17 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


505  “Derringer”  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Finely  engraved.  Octa- 

gon barrel.  German-silver  mounted.  Marked,  “DERRIN- 
GER, PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  From  the  battle-field  of  Cold 
Harbor,  Va.,  June  1st,  1864. 

506  1 Pair  Belgian  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted. 
5°7  i Made  in  Liege,  Belgium,  ©• 

508  1 Pair  English  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistols,  cal.  .60  Brass-mounted. 
5°9  ' Barrels  slightly  bell-muzzle.  Engraved  on  the  locks,  “IOY- 
NER.” 

510  French  Double-barrel  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  One 

barrel  over  the  other  (superposed).  Found  on  the  battle-field 
of  New  Market  Road,  Va.,  Oct.  7th,  1864. 

51 1 German  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Percussion,  with  a safety-guard.  Brass- 

mounted.  From  the  battle-field  of  Chester  Station,  Va.,  May 
10th,  1864. 

512)  Pair  Belgian  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .70  Brass-mounted.  Stamped 
5X3  ! on  the  butt-plate,  “Co.  G.  1863.”  Made  at  Liege,  Belgium, 
Proof-marked  ©.  Used  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the 
Civil  War.  From  Richmond,  Va. 

5 0 I Pair  English  Dueling  Pistols,  cal.  .66  Percussion.  Swivel  ram- 

5 1 5 \ rods.  Carved  mahogany  stocks.  Marked,  “FIELD,  TOWER 

HILL,  LONDON.” 

516  ) Pair  Dueling  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Rifled.  Octagon  bar- 

5 1 7 / rels.  Locks  and  mountings  beautifully  inlaid  with  gold. 

Carved  stocks. 

518  / Pair  Rifled  Dueling  Pistols,  cal.  .56  Percussion.  Octagon  bar- 
5*9  \ rels.  Stamped  on  the  locks,  “DUPE.”  From  Petersburg,  Va. 

520  German  Pistol,  cal.  .45  Percussion.  From  battle-field  of  Deep 

Bottom,  Va.,  Aug.  14th,  1864. 

521  English  Rifled  Dueling  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Iron- 

mounted.  Finely  engraved,  with  safety-slide.  Marked,  “J. 
PURDY,  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON,  ENGLAND.” 

522  German  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  From  battle-field  near  Fort 

Wagner,  S.  C.,  July  nth,  1863. 


I 18 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


The  “Allen.” 

This  famous  pistol,  known  as  the  “Pepper  Box,”  a favorite  weapon 
with  the  forty-niners,  and  the  only  gun  Mark  Twain  had  with  him  when 
treed  by  the  buffalo,  was  first  manufactured  by  Ethan  Allen,  a pioneer  in 
the  fire-arms  industry.  Born  in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  in  1810,  he  first 
manufactured  fire-arms  in  1832  at  North  Grafton,  Mass.  (The  Lambert 
Cane  Gun  invented  by  Dr.  Lambert  of  Upton,  Mass.)  In  1834  Allen 
made  the  saw-handle  target  rifled  pistol,  and  invented  the  self-cocking, 
or  double-action,  revolver.  About  this  time  he  took  in  as  partners  his 
brothers-in-law,  Charles  T.  Thurber  and  Thomas  P.  Wheelock,  and  the 
name  of  the  firm  became  Allen,  Thurber  & Co.  In  the  fall  of  1842  they 
moved  to  Norwich,  Conn.  Remaining  there  until  1847,  they  again 
moved  to  Worcester,  Mass.  In  1857  Mr.  Thurber  retired  and  the  firm 
name  was  changed  to  Allen  & Wheelock.  Mr.  Wheelock  died  in  1863. 
In  1865  Messrs.  H.  C.  Wadsworth  and  Sullivan  Forehand,  sons-in-law, 
were  admitted  into  the  firm,  and  the  name  changed  to  Ethan  Allen  & Co. 
Linder  this  name  the  business  continued  until  1873,  when,  Mr.  Allen 
having  died  in  1871,  the  name  was  again  changed  to  Forehand  & Wads- 
worth. In  1883  Mr.  Wadsworth  retired.  The  name  remained 
unchanged,  however,  until  November,  1890,  when  the  firm  became 
incorporated  as  the  Forehand  Arms  Co. 

In  1832  Frederick  Allen,  Andrew  J.  Brown  and  John  Luther  were 
manufacturers  of  musket  and  rifle  barrels  in  Worcester.  The  business 
soon  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Luther.  Mr.  Paul  Allen,  formerly  in 
the  employ  of  E.  Allen,  was  superintendent  of  Luther’s  factory. 
Employed  among  others  were  Horace  Smith  and  D.  B.  Wesson,  expert 
workmen,  also  Alexander  Stocking,  who  later  made  the  single-action 
Pepper  Box,  having  the  hammer  with  a projection  for  cocking.  Luther 
fitted  up  a private  room  for  Smith  & Wesson,  and  Smith  invented  a 
repeating  rifle. 

Ethan  Allen  invented  and  built  the  first  set  of  machinery  in  the 
world  for  manufacturing  metallic  cartridges.  This  branch  was  carried 
on  extensively  by  him  from  i860  to  1872,  when  it  was  sold  to  Gen.  Benj. 
F.  Butler,  of  Civil  War  fame,  President  of  the  United  States  Cartridge 
Co.  at  that  time. 


1 19 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  42. 

Revolving  Pistols  (Pepper  Boxes),  Single,  Double,  Three  and 
Four  Barrel  Pistols;  “Knife  Pistols  ; ” Brass-barrel 
Pistols,  Etc. 

523  “Allen"  Single-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .31  Percussion.  Double-action 

(self-cocking).  Ethan  Allen's  patent,  No.  3998,  April  16th, 
1845.  Marked,  “ALLEN,  THURBER  & CO.,  WORCES- 
TER, MASS."  (1847-1856.) 

524  Three-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action  (self-cocking).  Marked,  “MANHATTAN 
F.  A.  MFG.  CO.,  NEW  YORK.” 

525  Four-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action.  E.  Allen's  patent,  No.  3998,  April  16th,  1845. 
Marked,  “ALLEN  & WHEELOCK,  NORWICH,  CONN." 
(iNS-) 

526  Five-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .38  Percussion. 

Double-action.  E.  Allen’s  patent,  No.  3998,  April  16th,  1845. 
Marked,  “ALLEN,  THURBER  & CO.,  WORCESTER, 
MASS.” 

527  Five-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action.  E.  Allen's  patent,  No.  3998,  April  16th,  1845. 
Marked,  “ALLEN  & WHEELOCK,  WORCESTER.  MASS.” 

528  S ix-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action.  E.  Allen’s  patent,  No.  3998,  April  16th,  1845. 
Marked,  “ALLEN  & WHEELOCK,  WORCESTER,  MASS.” 

529  Eight-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .38  Percussion. 

Double-action.  Revolves  to  the  left.  English  manufacture. 
From  the  battle-field  of  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C.,  July  nth,  1863. 

530  Ten-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action.  Hammer  inside.  From  the  battle-field  of 
Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  Aug.  14th,  1864. 

531  Five-shot  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .28  Percussion.  Finely 

engraved.  Double-action.  Ring  trigger.  Breaks  down  to 
cap.  Revolving  hammer  inside.  G.  Leonard,  Jr.’s,  patent,  No. 
6723,  Sept.  18th,  1849.  Marked,  “ROBBINS  & LAWRENCE, 
WINDSOR,  VT.” 

532  Six-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .31  Percussion. 

Double-action.  Hammer  inside.  From  the  battle-field  of  Ber- 
muda Hundred,  Va.,  May,  1865. 


1 2 1 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


533  Six-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .38  Percussion. 

Double-action.  From  Charleston,  S.  C. 

534  Six-barrel  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .38  Percussion. 

Six  separate  barrels  brazed  together.  Double-action.  Ham- 
mer inside.  Revolves  to  the  left.  Made  by  Laport  Irmaos, 
Rio  de  Janeiro.  Stamped  on  the  grip,  “MARIETTE  BRE- 
VETTE.” 

535  Six-shot  Breech-loading  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .22 

Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire.  “Knuckle”  revolver;  also  called 
“Knuckle  duster.”  J.  Reed’s  patent,  No.  51,752,  Dec.  26th, 
1865.  Heavy  brass  frame,  engraved  “My  Friend.” 

536  Four-shot  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  “Sharps’ Celebrated  Four-shooter,” 

a Four-barrel,  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .32  Metallic  cart- 
ridge (short  or  long),  rim  fire.  3^-inch  steel  barrel,  well 
rifled  and  sighted.  Rosewood  handles.  Case-hardened  frame. 
C.  Sharps’  patent.  No.  22,753,  Jan.  25t'1-  1859.  Marked, 

“SHARPS’  ARMS  CO.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.” 

537  Four-shot  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  as  described  above.  Larger  size. 

538  Wesson  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Metallic  cartridge,  rim 

fire.  Barrels  superposed.  Dirk-knife  in  the  center.  F.  Wes- 
son's patent.  No.  92,918,  July  20th,  1869.  Marked,  “F.  WES- 
SON, WORCESTER,  MASS.” 

539  Wheeler  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cals.  .22  and  .32  Metallic  cart- 

ridges, rim  fire.  Superposed  barrels,  turning  half  round  to 
fire.  Henry  F.  Wheeler’s  patent.  No.  55, 752,  June  19th,  1866. 
Marked,  “AMERICAN  ARMS  CO.,  BOSTON,  MASS.” 

540  Marston  Three-barrel  Pistol.  Barrels  one  over  the  other,  called 

“Up-and-down”  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire 
Has  an  indicator  showing  which  barrels  have  been  fired. 
W.  W.  Marston ’s  patent,  No.  17,386,  May  26th,  1857;  improved 
1864.  Marked,  “WILLIAM  W.  MARSTON,  NEW  YORK.” 

541  Lafaucheux  Six-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .22 

Metallic  cartridge,  pin  fire;  double  action.  Marked,  “LA- 
FAUCHEUX ARMS  CO.,  PARIS.” 

542  Six-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .22  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, rim  fire.  Marked,  “BACON  ARMS  CO.,  NORWICH, 
CONN.” 

543  Eight-shot  Revolving  Pistol  (Pepper  Box),  cal.  .22  Metallic  cart- 

ridge, rim  fire.  J.  Rupertus’  patent,  No.  43,606,  July  19th, 
1864.  Marked,  “RUPERTUS  PATENT  PISTOL  MFG. 
CO.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.” 


I 22 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


544  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Half  octagon  barrel.  Flat-top  hammer. 

Marked,  “MANHATTAN  FIRE-ARMS  CO.,  NEW  YORK.” 

545  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Half  octagon  barrel.  Flat-top  hammer. 

Marked,  “WASHINGTON  ARMS  CO.”  From  the  battle- 
field of  James  Island,  S.  C.,  July  16th,  1863. 

546  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Half  octagon  barrel,  extra  long. 

Marked,  “ALLEN  & THURBER,  NORTH  GRAFTON, 
MASS.”  (1837-1842.)  From  the  battle-field  of  Winchester, 
Va.,  June,  1863. 

547  Double-barrel  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .42  Brass  barrels,  one  over 

the  other  (superposed).  Revolving  pan,  turning  one-quarter 
round  to  prime  second  barrel. 

548  Double-barrel  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .45  Superposed  barrels. 

Pans  turn  one-quarter  round  to  prime  second  barrel. 

549  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  From  the  battle-field 

of  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  June,  1864. 

550  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion,  in  fine  order.  From 

battle-field  of  Seven  Pines,  near  Richmond,  Va. 

551  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Picked  up  on  the 

battle-field  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  1865. 

552  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Carved  stock.  Found 

on  the  battle-field  of  James  Island,  S.  C.,  June  14th,  1862. 

553  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  It  has  but  one  trigger, 

shoots  one  or  both  barrels  at  the  same  time.  Found  on  the 
battle-field  at  Chester  Station,  Va.,  May  10,  1864. 

554  Double-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  From  battle-field  of 

Gaines’  Mills,  Va.,  June,  1862. 

555  “New  Orleans”  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Stamped  on  the  bar- 

rel, “New  Orleans.”  From  battle-field  of  James  Island,  S.  C., 
June  nth,  1862. 

556  Single-barrel  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Engraved  octagon  barrel. 

From  the  battle-field  of  New  Market  Road,  Va.,  Sept.  29th, 
1864. 

557  “Grabb”  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Percussion.  Marked,  “J.  C.  GRABB.” 

From  the  battle-field  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  9th,  1864. 

558  “Derringer”  Pistol,  cal.  .41  Percussion.  Silver-mounted.  Marked, 

“DERRINGER,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.” 

559  I Pair  Moore’s  Pistols  (erroneously  called  “Derringer’s),  cal.  .32 
56°  j Metallic  cartridge.  D.  Moore’s  patent.  No.  31,473,  Feb.  19th, 

1861.  Marked,  “MOORE  FIRE-ARMS  CO.,  BROOKLYN, 
N.  Y.” 


123 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


561  / Pair  Derringer  Pistols,  cal.  .38  Percussion ; silver-mounted. 

562  f Marked,  “HENRY  DERRINGER,  PHILADELPHIA,”  for 

“A.  J.  PLATE,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,”  engraved  on  the 
frame. 

563  1 Pair  Cooper’s  Pistols,  cal.  .42  Rifled;  percussion;  silver-mounted; 

564  f stocks  ornamented  with  silver;  stamped,  “J.  COOPER." 

565  “Derringer”  Pistol,  cal.  .44  Percussion  ; silver-mounted.  Marked, 

“DERRINGER,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.” 

566  “Derringer"  Pistol,  cal.  .52  Percussion.  Marked,  “DERRIN- 

GER, PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  From  the  battle-field  of 
New  Market,  Va.,  May  15th,  1864. 

567  “Derringer"  Pistol,  cal.  .42  Percussion.  Marked,  “DERRIN- 

GER, PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  From  the  battle-field  of 
Front  Royal,  Va.,  Sept.  21st,  1864. 

568  “Derringer”  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Marked,  “DERRIN- 

GER, PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  From  the  battle-field  of 
Winchester,  Va.,  Aug.  16,  1864. 

569  1 Pair  Dueling  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Laminated  rifle  barrels, 
57°  ( silver-mounted;  mahogany  stocks;  finely  engraved  frame. 

571  | Pair  Sharpe  Pocket  Pistols,  cal.  .38  Percussion,  rifled.  Marked, 

572  j “SHARPE,  LONDON.” 

573  I Pair  English  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Octagon  barrels  ; carved 

574  \ mahogany  stocks  ; safety-catch  on  hammers.  Engraved  on  the 

locks,  “W.  EDWARDS;”  on  the  barrels,  “DEVONPORT.” 

575  Belgian  “Double-barrel”  Pistol,  cal.  .32  Percussion.  Handle  sil- 

ver-plated. Known  as  “Knife  Pistol,”  having  a knife-blade, 
which  opens. 

576  Knife  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Metallic  cartridge.  Shell  handle ; has  two 

blades.  Marked,  “UNWIN &ROGERS,  SHEFFIELD,  ENG.” 

577  Lafaucheux  Revolver,  cal.  .32  Six  shots.  Metallic  cartridge,  rim 

fire;  double  action;  with  dagger.  Marked,  “LAFAUCHEUX 
ARMS  CO.,  PARIS.”  From  battle-field  of  Charles  City 
Road,  Va.,  1864. 

578  Dirk-knife  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Percussion.  Double  action ; blade  4\ 

inches  long.  Silver-plated  mountings.  From  battle-field  of 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  Dec.  13,  1863. 

579  Double-barrel  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Superposed  barrels  with 

dagger,  released  by  a spring.  From  Moscow. 

580  Double-barrel  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Superposed  barrels  with 

dagger,  released  by  a spring.  “Dagger  Pistol.”  Pan  turns 
one-quarter  round  to  prime  second  barrel.  Coat-of-arms 
stamped  on  frame. 

1 24 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


58i)  Pair  Williamson  Percussion  Pistols,  cal.  .38  Metallic  cartridge, 

582/ 

silver-plated.  David  Williamson’s  patent,  No.  58,525,  Oct.  2d, 
1866.  Marked,  “D.  WILLIAMSON,  NEW  YORK.” 

Note. — These  pistols  are  not  “Derringers.”  They  require 
different  ammunition  and  load  at  the  breech.  Resembling  the 
Derringer,  which  is  a muzzle-loading  pistol  and  similar  in  shape 
and  size,  has  misled  collectors. 

583/  Pair  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  45  Finely  engraved ; mahogany  stocks. 

584  ! Marked,  “D.  EGG,  LONDON,”  gunmaker  to  His  Royal  High- 

nesses the  Prince  of  Wales,  the  Duke  of  York,  etc. 

585  ( Pair  English  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Concealed  triggers ; iron 

586  | 

barrels,  2\  inches  long;  safety-catch  rear  of  hammer;  mahog- 
any stocks.  Engraved  on  the  lock,  “KNUBLEY,  LONDON.” 

587  English  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Half  octagon  barrel ; engraved 

iron  stock.  Made  in  London. 

588  English  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .45  Cannon-shaped  barrel ; stock 

" inlaid  with  silver.  Marked,  “E.  NORTH,  LONDON,  ENG.” 

589  Foreign  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  38  Brass,  bell-muzzle  barrel. 

590  I Pair  English  Flint-lock  Pistols,  cal.  .50  Brass  barrels,  2\  inches 

591  ' long;  slide  (safety)  on  the  top  rear  of  hammer;  mahogany 

stocks.  Marked,  “P.  BOND,  45  CORNHILL,  LONDON, 

1785-” 

592  ) Pair  English  Bell-muzzle  Pistols,  cal.  1.  Percussion.  Brass  bar- 

593  ) rels ; embossed  hammers  (lions’  heads),  carved  stocks. 

Marked,  “BOND  & CO.,  LONDON.” 

594  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Brass  barrel.  From  Petersburg,  Va. 

595  Pistol,  Bell-muzzle,  cal.  1.  Percussion.  Brass  barrel;  mahogany 

stock.  From  battle-field  of  Fredericksburg,  Md.,  December, 
1862. 

596  Pistol,  Bell-muzzle,  cal.  .50  Percussion.  Brass  barrel.  From 

battle-field  of  Chester  Court  House,  S.  C.,  February,  1865. 

597  Oriental  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .65  Brass  barrel,  three  inches  long; 

brass  mounted;  carved  stock,  with  four  medallions  set  in  the 
mountings.  On  the  barrel  is  engraved  1611.  From  Constan- 
tinople. 

593  French  Pistol,  cal.  32  Metallic  cartridge;  carved  stock.  From 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

599  French  Pistol,  cal.  22  Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire;  carved  stock. 
From  Charleston,  S.  C. 

6od  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Metallic  cartridge.  All  iron.  From  Peters- 
burg, Va. 


125 


6oi 

602 

603 

604 

605 

606 

607 

608 

609 

610 

611 

612 

613 

614 

615 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


Oriental  “Snaphaunce”  Pistol,  cal.  .54  Brass  mounted;  heavy 
butt-plate;  finely  engraved.  Very  fine  arm. 

Note. — The  “Snaphaunce”  followed  the  Wheel-lock,  pre- 
ceding the  Flint-lock. 

English  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .60  Barrel  inlaid  with  gold ; brass 
mounted,  carved  stock. 

German  Pistol,  cal.  .28  Percussion.  Finely  engraved.  From 
battle-field  of  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Ga.,  July  20th.  1864. 

Pistol,  cal.  .36  Percussion.  Found  on  the  battle-field  of  Deep 
Run,  Va.,  August,  1864. 

Single-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Metallic  cartridge. 

Hopkins  & Allen  Pistol,  cal.  .32  Marked,  “HOPKINS  & ALLEN, 
NORWICH,  CONN.” 

Parker  Single-barrel  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  with  safety- 
catch  ; finely  engraved.  Marked,  “PARKER,  LONDON.” 
From  battle-field  of  New  Market  Road,  Va.,  October  7th,  1864. 

Pistol,  cal.  .44  Percussion.  From  battle-field  of  James  Island, 
S.  C.,  June  14th,  1862. 

Kingsley  Rifled  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Made  by  Henry  B.  Kingsley  in 
Colt’s  Armory,  “HARTFORD,  CONN.,  1865.” 

Quinnebaug  Rifle  Co.  Pistol,  cal.  .42  Percussion.  Hammer 
under  the  barrel.  Marked,  “QUINNEBAUG  RIFLE  CO., 
SOUTHBRIDGE,  MASS.,  E.  HUTCHINSON,  AGENT, 
BALTIMORE,  MD.”  From  Alexandria,  Va. 

Andrus  & Osborn  Pistol,  cal.  .31  Percussion.  Hammer  under 
the  barrel.  Marked,  “ANDRUS  & OSBORN,  CANTON, 
CONN.”  From  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C.,  July  nth,  1863. 

“Ashton”  Pistol,  cal.  .31  Percussion.  Hammer  under  the  barrel. 
Marked,  “P.  H.  ASHTON.” 

“Jenison”  Pistol,  cal.  .31  Percussion.  Hammer  underneath  the 
barrel.  Marked,  “J.  JENISON  & CO.,  SOUTHBRIDGE, 
MASS.”  Found  on  the  battle-field,  Chapin’s  Farm,  Va.,  Sept. 
29th,  1864. 

“Fowler”  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Half  octagon  iron  barrel, 
six  inches  long.  Stamped,  “B.  FOWLER,  JR.,  No.  646.” 
Presented  by  Mr.  C.  A.  Fowler,  Hartford,  Ct.,  1888.  Made  by 
his  father,  who  manufactured  pistols  in  the  Connecticut  State 
Prison,  1835-8. 

“Confederate”  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Percussion.  Half  octagon  barrel, 
eight  inches  long;  hammer  underneath  the  barrel.  Marked, 
“S.  SUTHERLAND,  RICHMOND,  VA.”  Presented  by 

1 26 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Mr.  George  W.  Bryant,  Farmington,  Conn.,  Feb.  29th, 
1888.  Mr.  Bryant  belonged  to  Co.  D,  1st  Conn.  Cav.,  under 
General  Custer,  and  captured  this  pistol  from  a Confederate 
during  the  Wilson  raid  in  1864. 

616  Quinnebaug  Rifled  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Percussion.  Hammer  under 

the  barrel;  nine-inch  barrel.  Marked,  “QUINNEBAUG 
RIFLE  CO.,  SOUTHBRIDGE,  MASS.”  This  pistol  was 
picked  up  after  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862,  by  J.  S. 
Owens,  Sharpsburg,  Md. 

617  French  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .32  Octagon  barrel;  carved 

stock;  peculiar  construction.  From  battle-field  of  Sailor’s 
Creek,  Va.,  April  6th,  1865. 

618  French  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Metallic  cartridge.  Octagon 

barrel;  iron-mounted;  carved  mahogany  stock.  From  Fort 
Fisher,  N.  C.,  January,  1865. 


PAPER  AND  METALLIC  AMMUNITION. 

Paper  cartridges,  also  called  "combustible  envelope  cartridges,’’  were 
made  for  Colt's,  Remington’s,  Whitney’s,  Bacon’s,  and  all  other  revolvers 
using  caps. 

No.  31,  or  Cal.  .31 Pocket  size 

No.  36,  or  Cal.  .36 Navy  size 

No.  44,  or  Cal.  .44 Army  size 

No.  52,  or  Cal.  .52 Sharps  Rifle  size 

No.  58,  or  Cal.  .58 “Springfield"  Rifle  size 

No.  69,  or  Cal.  .69 U.  S.  Musket  size 

Note. — A paper  cartridge,  .38  cal.,  was  also  made  for  a Remington  Navy  Revolver. 


METALLIC  CARTRIDGES. 


No. 

I , 

or 

Cal. 

.22 

No. 

30, 

or 

Cal. 

■30 

No. 

2 

or 

Cal. 

•3^ 

No. 

3, 

or 

Cal. 

.38 

No. 

41. 

or 

Cal. 

.41 

for  so-called  “Derringer”  Pistols 

No. 

44, 

or 

Cal. 

•44 

for  Henry  and  other  Rifles 

No. 

56, 

or 

Cal. 

.56 

for  Spencer  and  other  Rifles 

Lafauch 

eux  Pin 

Cartridges, 

Nos.  7,  9 and  12 

Balls  made  of  lead  were  numbered  by  weight,  i.e.  : No.  32  took  32  to 
weigh  a pound.  Other  numbers  were  45,  65,  90,  140,  iqo,  225,  followed  in 
size  by  No.  3 Buckshot,  Turkey  or  Duck,  BB,  1,  4,  7 and  10. 


1 27 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  43. 

Pin-fire  Revolvers,  Magazine  Pistols,  Odd  Pieces,  Primer-lock 

Pistols,  Etc. 

619  Revolver,  cal.  .32  Double  action  ; six  shots,  pin  fire  ; metallic  cart- 

ridge; finely  engraved.  From  the  battle-field  of  Petersburg, 
Va.,  September,  1864. 

620  “Lafaucheux”  Revolver,  cal.  .35  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge, 

pin-fire;  double  action.  Marked,  “LAFAUCHEUX  ARMS 
CO.,  PARIS.”  Civil  War  relic. 

621  “Lafaucheux”  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .38  Six  shots,  metallic  cart- 

ridge, pin-fire;  double  action.  Marked,  “LAFAUCHEUX 
ARMS  CO.,  PARIS.”  Relic  of  Civil  War. 

622  Lafaucheux  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .42  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge, 

pin-fire;  double  action.  Marked,  “LAFAUCHEUX  ARMS 
CO.,  PARIS,  FRANCE.”  Civil  War  relic. 

Note. — Thousands  were  purchased  by  United  States  gov- 
ernment during  Civil  War. 

623  Lafaucheux  Revolver,  cal.  .38  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge,  pin- 

fire ; double  action.  Marked,  “LAFAUCHEUX  ARMS  CO., 
PARIS.” 

624  French  Pin-fire  Revolver,  cal.  .38  Ten  shots.  From  the  Phil- 

ippines. A relic  of  the  late  war. 

625  “Le  Mat”  Revolver  (French  Navy  pattern),  cal.  .42  Percussion. 

Nine  shots.  Barrel  in  the  center  fires  a buckshot,  cal.  .66 
The  extremity  of  the  hammer  is  made  with  a joint,  so  that  it 
may  be  turned  forward  to  fire  the  chambers,  or  turned  down 
to  fire  the  central  barrel.  Marked,  “Gol.  XC  /IDat,  Paris.” 
Made  for  Slidell  & Beauregard,  Charleston,  S.  C.,  for  Confed- 
erate States  of  America.  A rare  arm.  Seldom  found  outside 
of  collections. 

626  Double-barrel  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Eighteen  shots,  pin-fire.  Made 

in  Birmingham,  Eng. 

627  Kerr's  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Five  shots.  Percussion;  paper 

cartridge.  Kerr's  patent.  Made  in  London,  Eng.  Was  car- 
ried in  the  Civil  War  by  Silas  Y.  Courtney,  Confederate  Army. 

Note. — With  Colt’s  Army  “44,”  Kerr's  revolver  was  the 
principal  pistol  used  by  the  Confederate  Army  in  the  Civil  War. 

628  French  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion.  Six  shots;  paper 

cartridge.  Hammerless.  Marked,  “DEVISME,  PARIS.” 
Used  in  Confederate  Army  during  Civil  War. 

1 29 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


629  French  Hammerless  Pistol,  cal.  .58  Metallic  cartridge;  operated 

with  a lever  on  top,  which  opens  the  breech  for  the  cartridge  at 
the  same  time  it  cocks  it,  and  is  ready  for  use  when  lever  is 
closed.  Hammer  inside.  Marks  on  the  barrel,  “CERE 
DEGRE.”  Marked  on  the  lever,  “PISTOLET,  ROBERT 
BREVETE.” 

630  Revolver,  cal.  .42  Six  shots.  From  the  battle-field  of  Petersburg, 

Va.,  June,  1864. 

631  Deville  Revolver,  cal.  .38  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge.  Auto- 

matic ; bar  on  the  top  of  barrel  to  slide  the  cylinder  forward  to 
load.  Marked,  “L.  DEVILLE.” 

632  “Volcanic”  Repeating  Magazine  Pistol,  cal.  .32  H.  Smith  & D.  B. 

Wesson’s  patent,  No.  10,535,  Feb.  14th,  1854.  Marked, 

“VOLCANIC  REPEATING  ARMS  CO„  NEW  HAVEN, 
CONN.” 

633  "Volcanic”  Repeating  Magazine  Pistol,  cal.  .32  H.  Smith  & D.  B. 

Wesson's  patent,  No.  10,535,  Feb.  14th,  1854.  Marked, 

“SMITH  & WESSON’S  ARMS  CO.,  NORWICH,  CONN.” 
Note. — Smith  & Wesson  sold  this  patent  to  the  Volcanic 
Arms  Co. 

634  “Volcanic”  Repeating  Magazine  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Large  size. 

H.  Smith  & D.  B.  Wesson’s  patent,  No.  10,535,  Feb.  14th,  1854. 
Brass  frame  and  mounted.  Marked,  “VOLCANIC  REPEAT- 
ING ARMS  CO.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.” 

^35  “Percival"  Magazine  Pistol,  cal.  .32  Invented  by  Orville  Perci- 
val,  Moodus,  Conn.,  about  1840.  Patented  by  Percival  and 
Smith,  patent  No.  7496,  July  9th,  1850.  Marked,  “H.  SMITH, 
NORWICH,  CONN.,  1850.”  This  arm  has  two  chambers,  which 
are  suspended  vertically  from  the  barrel  when  the  arm  is  not 
being  loaded;  in  that  case  the  two  chambers  are  made  to  turn 
through  a half  circle,  and  the  powder,  fulminate,  and  ball 
dropped  into  its  place  from  the  magazine ; the  revolution  back- 
wards left  the  barrel  loaded  for  action.  Forty  32-caliber  balls 
could  be  inserted  in  the  chamber  at  once.  The  powder  neces- 
sary for  the  same  number  of  charges  was  received  in  the 
adjoining  chamber,  which  also  contained  the  tube  for  the  ful- 
minate. The  latter  was  in  the  form  of  pellets,  and  dropped 
from  the  chamber  into  the  receptacle  designed  for  the  purpose. 
636  Belgian  Repeating,  Four-shot,  Automatic  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percus- 
sion. Hammer  inside ; four  chambers  in  breech-block,  which 
slides  up  and  down  in  center  of  case;  it  raises  up  when  cocking 


130 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


it  from  one  chamber  to  another  ; is  operated  with  a trigger. 
Name  on  it,  “H.  COLLEYE;”  on  the  breech-block  the  Bel- 
gian proof-mark  From  Montreal,  Canada. 

637  Sliding  Magazine  Pistol,  cal.  .36  Ten  shots,  metallic  cartridge, 

pin-fire.  P.  Lancaster’s  patent.  No.  14,667,  April  15,  1856. 

638  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Pistol,  cal.  .72  Percussion.  Brass.  Barrel 

if  inches  long.  Marked,  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Pistol,  A.  J.  M., 
1862. 

639  Flint-lock  Tinder-box.  LTsed  in  “ye  olden  times”  to  obtain  fire ; a 

necessity  before  the  invention  of  the  match.  A particularly  old 
and  rare  specimen. 

640  Antique  Flint-lock  Powder  Tester;  also  known  as  “Epronvette.” 

When  fired,  the  force  of  the  powder  exploded  turns  an  indexed 
wheel,  which  is  held  by  a spring  at  the  muzzle. 

641  Revolving  Pistol,  cal.  .31  Percussion.  Three  shots. 

642  “Lower”  Revolver,  cal.  .38  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge.  Marked, 

“J.  P.  LOWER.”  From  Charleston,  S.  C. 

643  “Pettengill”  Hammerless  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Double  action,  six 

shots.  Stamped  on  the  frame,  “PETTENGILL’S  PATENT, 
1856.”  “RAYMOND  & ROBITAILLE.”  E.  S.  Pettengill’s 
patent,  No.  15,388,  July  22d,  1856.  From  the  battle-field  of 
Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  ist-4th,  1863. 

Note. — Dec.  26th,  1861,  the  Lhiited  States  government  con- 
tracted with  ROGERS,  SPENCER  & CO.,  OF  WILLOW 
VALE,  ONEIDA  COUNTY,  NEW  YORK,  for  5000  “Pet- 
tengill"  Revolvers.  Owing  to  the  delicate  mechanism,  they 
proved  unserviceable. 

644  Alsop’s  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Six  shots,  paper  cartridge.  C.  R. 

Alsop’s  patents,  No.  29,213,  July  17,  i860,  and  29,538,  Aug.  7th, 
i860;  No.  32,333,  May  14,  1861,  and  No.  33,770,  Nov.  26,  1861. 
Marked,  “C.  R.  ALSOP,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.”  Civil 
War  relic. 

645  English  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Paper  cartridge,  percussion. 

J.  W.  Laird’s  patent,  London,  Eng.  Civil  War  relic. 

646  English  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper  cart- 

ridge. Used  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  Civil  War. 

647  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper  cartridge. 

From  the  battle-field  of  Antietam,  Md.,  Sept.  17th,  1862. 

648  Wesson  & Leavitt’s  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  paper 

cartridge.  “Maynard’s”  primer-lock  patent,  1845.  Marked, 
“MASSACHUSETTS  ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS, 
MASS.”  Relic  of  the  Civil  War. 

•3' 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


649  Sharp’s  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .38  C.  Sharp’s  patent,  No.  5763, 

Sept.  12th,  1848.  Percussion,  paper  cartridge.  Marked, 

“SHARP’S  PATENT  ARMS  MANUFACTURING  CO., 
FAIRMOUNT,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  Used  in  the  Civil 
War. 

650  Sharp’s  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .38  C.  Sharp's  patent,  No.  5763, 

Sept.  12th,  1848.  Percussion,  paper  cartridge.  Marked, 

“SHARP’S  PATENT  ARMS  MANUFACTURING  CO., 
FAIRMOUNT,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA.”  Civil  War  relic. 

651  “ Slocum”  Revolver,  cal.  .32  Five  shots,  rim  fire;  metallic  cart- 

ridge. Has  sliding  shells  on  the  cylinder,  which  open  to  admit 
cartridge.  F.  P.  Slocum’s  patent,  “No.  38,204,  April  14th,  1863 
(reissued  twice).  Marked,  “BROOKLYN  ARMS  CO., 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y.” 

652  Manhattan  Revolver,  cal.  .32  Six  shots,  metallic  cartridge. 

Marked,  “MANHATTAN  ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  NEW 
YORK.” 

653  “Stevens”  Revolver  (frequently  called  Maynard’s  Tape-lock 

Revolver),  cal.  .31  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper  cartridge. 
J.  Stevens’  patent,  No.  12,189,  Jan-  2d,  I^55  ; with  Dr.  Edward 
Maynard’s  Primer-lock,  patented  Sept.  22d,  1845.  Marked. 
“MASSACHUSETTS  ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS, 
MASS.”  From  the  Gettysburg  battle-field,  July,  1863. 

654  Newbury  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Six  shots.  Percussion.  F.  New- 

burv’s  patent,  No.  12,555,  March  20th,  18s S-  Marked,  “NEW- 
BURY ARMS  CO.,  ALBANY,  N.  Y.” 

655  Wood’s  Revolver,  cal.  .32  Six  shots.  Metallic  cartridge,  pin-fire ; 

has  extracting  lever.  S.  W.  Wood’s  patent,  No.  41,803,  March 
1st,  1864.  Marked,  “CONNECTICUT  ARMS  CO.,  NOR- 
FOLK, CONN.” 

656  Wood’s  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Six  shots.  Percussion,  paper  cartridge. 

S.  W.  Wood’s  patent.  No.  41,803,  March  1st,  1864.  Marked, 
“CONNECTICUT  ARMS  CO.,  NORFOLK,  CONN.” 

657  “Alsop”  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper  cartridge. 

C.  H.  Alsop’s  patents,  No.  29,213,  July  17th,  i860;  No.  29,538, 
August  7th,  i860;  No.  32,333,  May  14th,  1861,  and  No.  33,770, 
November  26th,  1861.  Marked,  “C.  H.  ALSOP,  MIDDLE- 
TOWN,  CONN.”  Civil  War  relic. 

658  Porter  Revolver,  cal.  .35  Percussion.  Eight  shots.  “Tape-lock.” 

Marked,  “P.  W.  PORTER,  NEW  YORK,  1845.”  A rare 
piece. 


132 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


659  “Adams”  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion ; double 

action;  paper  cartridge.  J.  Adams’  patent,  1856.  Marked, 
“J.  ADAMS,  LONDON,  ENG.”  The  Federal  and  Confed- 
erate governments  both  purchased  this  arm  during  Civil  War. 
Note. — There  were  three  sizes  of  these  revolvers  made. 

660  Adams  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion,  five  shots,  paper  cartridge. 

Made  for  ADAMS  REVOLVING  ARMS  CO.,  NEW 
YORK,  by  MASSACHUSETTS  ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE 
FALLS,  MASS.  From  battle-field  of  Baton  Rouge,  La., 
Aug.  5,  1862. 

661  Revolver,  cal.  .22  Six  shots;  metallic  cartridge. 

662  Beals  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Five  shots,  percussion,  paper  cart- 

ridge. F.  Beals’  patent,  No.  15,167,  June  24th,  1856.  Marked, 
“E.  REMINGTON  & SON,  ILION,  NEW  YORK.” 

663  Walch  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Ten  shots,  percussion,  paper  cartridge. 

Has  two  hammers  and  ten  cones,  or  nipples ; five  chambers  in 
cylinder,  two  cartridges  in  each.  J.  Walch’s  patent,  No.  22,905, 
Feb.  8th,  1859.  Marked,  “WALCH  FIRE-ARMS  CO.,  PARK 
ROW,  NEW  YORK.” 

664  Walch  Revolver,  cal.  .34  Percussion,  large  size,  twelve  shots; 

two  charges  in  each  chamber,  one  charge  above  the  other ; has 
twelve  cones  and  two  hammers.  J.  Walch’s  patent,  No.  22,905, 
Feb.  8th,  1859.  Marked,  “WALCH  FIRE-ARMS  CO., 
PARK  ROW,  NEW  YORK.” 

665  Pistol,  cal.  .38  Percussion.  Large  cylinder.  Marked,  “NOR- 

WICH FALLS,  CONN.” 


133 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


Case  No.  44. 

American  Army  and  Navy  Revolvers  and  Pistols  from  1813  to  1865. 

666  Model  of  1855,  U.  S.  Rifled  Percussion  Pistol,  cal.  .58  Maynard’s 

Primer-lock;  detachable  stock;  swivel  ramrod;  brass-mounted. 
Made  at  Springfield  Armory,  1856. 

Note. — This  pistol  was  adopted  in  1855,  when  the  caliber  of 
all  small  arms  was  changed  from  .69  to  .58  The  Musketoon, 
described  elsewhere,  was  ordered  discontinued,  and  this  pistol, 
to  which  was  attached  a stock  allowing  it  to  be  fired  from  the 
shoulder,  was  authorized  for  cavalry. — Jefferson  Davis,  Secre- 
tary of  War.  1855  was  a^so  year  the  Maynard  Primer  was 
adopted. 

667  Colt’s  New  Model  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent;  detachable  stock. 

668  Colt's  Old  Model  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent ; detachable  stock. 

669  Colt’s  New  Model  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion. 

paper  cartridge ; with  detachable  extension  stock,  formed  like 
the  butt  of  a rifled  musket,  allowing  the  revolver  to  be  fired 
from  the  shoulder.  This  specimen  has  a canteen  in  the  stock, 
with  an  opening  at  the  comb  of  the  stock.  Marked,  “COLT’S 
PATENT  FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD.  CONN.” 

670  Colt's  New  Model  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  paper  cart- 

ridge, with  detachable  stock.  Marked,  “COLT’S  PATENT 
FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

671  Colt’s  New  Model  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge ; with  detachable  extension  stock.  Colt’s 
patent.  Marked,  “COLT’S  PATENT  FIRE-ARMS  MFG. 
CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

672  Remington  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  five  shots, 

paper  cartridge.  F.  Beals’  patent.  No.  21,478,  Sept.  14th,  1858. 
Marked,  “REMINGTON  & SON,  I LION,  N.  Y.”  _ Civil  War 
relic. 

673  Remington  Breech-loading  Pistol,  cal.  .22  Metallic  cartridge. 

Joseph  Rider’s  patents,  Oct.  1st,  1861  ; No.  40,887,  Dec.  8,  1863  ; 
reissued  May  3,  1864.  Marked,  “THE  REMINGTON  ARMS 
CO.,  ILION,  N.  Y.” 

Note. — This,  little  pistol  was  commonly  known  as  Reming- 
ton’s Vest  Pocket  Pistol,  and  carried  by  officers.  It  was  a dan- 
gerous weapon  for  the  owner,  owing  to  the  difficulty  in  cock- 
ing it. 


'35 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


674  Remington  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper 

cartridge.  F.  Beals’  patent,  No.  21,478,  Sept.  14th,  1858. 
Marked,  “E.  REMINGTON  & SON,  I LION,  N.  Y.”  Used  in 
the  Civil  W ar. 

675  Remington  Navy  Pistol,  cal.  .50  Metallic  cartridge,  rim  fire. 

Joseph  Rider's  patents,  No.  40,887,  Dec.  8th,  1863  (reissued 
May  3d,  1864),  and  No.  45,123,  Nov.  15th,  1864.  Marked, 
“REMINGTON  ARMS  CO.,  ILION,  N.  Y.” 

676  Remington  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper 

cartridge.  F.  Beals’  patent,  No.  21,478,  Sept.  14th,  1858. 
Marked,  “E.  REMINGTON  & SON,  ILION,  N.  Y.”  Largely 
used  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

677  Whitney  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper 

cartridge.  Has  an  extra  trigger  revolving  the  cylinder. 
E.  Whitney’s  patent.  Marked,  “E.  WHITNEY,  NEW 
HAVEN,  CONN.” 

678  Beals’  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Seven  shots,  paper  cartridge.  F.  Beals’ 

patent,  No.  15,167,  June  24,  1856.  Marked,  “E.  WHITNEY, 
WHITNEYVILLE,  CONN.”  Civil  War  relic. 

679  Whitney’s  Colt  Pattern  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  six 

shots,  paper  cartridge.  E.  Whitney’s  patent,  No.  11,447,  Aug. 
1st,  1854.  Marked, “E.  WHITNEY,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.” 
Note. — Connecticut  owned  and  condemned  some  75  of  these 
in  June,  1887. 

680  Whitney’s  Colt  Pattern  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  per- 

cussion, paper  cartridge ; 7^-inch  barrel;  weight,  2^  pounds ; 
pattern  similar  to  Colt’s.  E.  Whitney’s  patent,  No.  11,447, 
Aug.  1st,  1854.  Marked,  “E.  WHITNEY  (WHITNEY- 
VILLE), NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.”  Condemned  by  State  of 
Connecticut,  1887. 

681  Whitney  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Five  shots,  paper  cartridge,  “Patent 

Applied  For.”  Marked,  “E.  WHITNEY  (WHITNEY- 
VILLE), NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.”  Fought  with  in  Civil 
War  by  H.  E.  Smith,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

682  ) Pair,  Model  of  1842,  U.  S.  Army  Pistols,  cal.  .56  Percussion ; 
6^3  J brass  mounted ; swivel  ramrods.  Marked,  “H.  ASHTON  & 

CO.,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.,”  one  in  1851,  the  other  in 
1852.  Carried  by  the  Governor's  Horse  Guard  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  until  condemned  in  1885. 

684  ‘ ‘Allen”  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper  cart- 

ridge. E.  Allen’s  patent,  No.  16,367,  Jan.  13,  1857,  and  No. 


136 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


18,836,  Dec.  15th,  1857.  Marked,  “ALLEN  & WHEE- 
LOCK,  WORCESTER,  MASS.”  Civil  War  relic. 

685  “ Starr”  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  five  shots,  paper  cart- 

ridge. The  trigger  is  double.  By  continuing  to  pull  on  the 
forward  trigger,  which  raises  the  hammer  and  revolves  the 
cylinder,  the  back  of  the  trigger  hits  the  front  of  a rear  trigger, 
causing  the  hammer  to  fall.  E.  T.  Starr’s  patent,  No.  14,118, 
Jan.  15th,  1856.  Marked,  “STARR  ARMS  CO.,  NEW 
YORK.”  Civil  War  relic. 

686  “Starr”  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper  cart- 

ridge (see  description  of  No.  685).  E.  T.  Starr’s  patent,  No. 
14,118,  Jan.  15th,  1856.  Marked,  “STARR  ARMS  CO.,  NEW 
YORK.”  Relic  of  the  Civil  War. 

687  “ Starr"  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Percussion  ; six  shots  ; paper  cart- 

ridge; single  action.  Marked,  “STARR  ARMS  CO.,  NEW 
YORK.” 

688  “U.  S.”  Flint-lock  Pistol,  cal.  .70  Made  for  the  U.  S.  government 

by  Simeon  North,  Berlin,  Conn.,  1813. 

Note. — No  pistol  made  for  the  U.  S.  government  is  so  rare, 
valuable,  and  sought  for  as  is  this  so-called  “North’s  Berlin.” 
Simeon  North  was  given  the  first  government  contract  for 
pistols  in  1813,  and  furnished  500.  On  the  lock-plate,  in  rear 
of  the  cock  (which  is  of  the  variety  known  among  collectors 
as  “flat”), across  the  end  is  stamped  in  three  lines “S.  NORTH,” 
“BERLIN,  CONN.”  Between  the  cock  and  the  pan,  under  an 
eagle  looking  toward  the  muzzle  with  half-raised  wings,  is 
stamped  “U.  STATES.” 

689  “ U.  S.”  Flint-lock  Horse  Pistol,  cal.  .56  Large,  heavy  pistol ; 

heavy  iron  band ; iron-mounted.  Made  for  the  United 
States  government  by  Simeon  North,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Stamped  on  the  lock,  “S.  NORTH,”  in  a curve  over,  and 
“MIDDLETON”  in  a curve  under,  the  letters  “U.  S.,” 
separated  by  an  eagle. 

Note. — Not  one  of  the  500  first  made. 

690  Model  of  1819  U.  S.  Army  Pistol.  Flint-lock  altered  to  percussion; 

swivel  ramrod ; iron-mounted.  Made  for  the  U.  S.  govern- 
ment by  and  marked, “S.  NORTH,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.” 

691  1 Pair,  U.  S.  Model  of  1836,  Flint-lock  Army  Pistols,  cal.  .547  Swivel 

692  f 

ramrods ; iron-mounted.  Length,  10  2-5  inches ; weight,  2 
pounds,  9J  ounces.  Made  for  the  United  States  government 
by  and  marked,  “R.  JOHNSON,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN., 
1841.” 


137 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


693 


694 


695 


696 


697 


698 


699 


Xote. — This  model  differs  from  the  Model  of  1819  in  that  the 
pan  has  a “fence;”  no  "cock  bolt;"  holds  the  lock  half-cocked. 
The  band  has  a branch  and  no  band  spring. 

Model  of  1836  U.  S.  Flint-lock  Pistol  (altered  to  Percussion),  cal. 
.547  Iron-mounted;  swivel  ramrod.  Made  for  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment by  and  marked,  “R.  JOHNSON,  MIDDLETOWN, 
CONN.,  1843.” 

Adams’  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion.  Five  shots,  paper 
cartridge.  R.  Adams’  patent,  No.  9694,  May  3d,  1853. 

Marked,  “AMES  ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS.” 
Used  in  Civil  War. 

“U.  S.”  Navy  Pistol,  cal.  .56  Percussion.  Hammer  inside  of  lock- 
plate.  Brass-mounted;  swivel  ramrod.  Marked,  “N.  P. 
AMES,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.,  1845.” 

Wesson  & Leavitt’s  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  percussion, 
paper  cartridge.  Cylinder  revolves  to  the  left.  Wesson  & 
Leavitt’s  patent.  Marked,  “MASSACHUSETTS  ARMS 
CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS.” 

Note. — D.  Leavitt’s  patent,  No.  182,  April  29th,  1837,  was 
the  third  issued  for  revolvers,  and  the  first  to  be  numbered. 

Colt’s  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Percussion,  five  shots,  paper  cartridge. 
“ADDRESS  COL.  COLT,  NEW  YORK,”  stamped  on  top  of 
barrel.  From  Port  Hudson,  La.,  July,  1863. 

Colt’s  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Percussion,  paper  cartridge;  octagon 
Damascus  barrel.  Trigger  falls  forward  when  not  in  use. 
Cylinder  loads  from  the  front,  as  did  all  fired  by  a percussion 
cap.  No  ramrod  attached  to  the  arm.  Samuel  Colt’s  first 
patent  (no  number),  Feb.  26,  1836.  On  top  of  the  barrel  read- 
ing toward  the  handle  is  engraved,  ■■(spa/e»/  srfrw*  ^ 0. , 

rson,  Jfc  ft,  C<Oo/Cs  ” 

Note. — This  is  known  as  the  “Paterson  ;”  is  the  rarest  type 
of  Colt’s  Revolver  and  highly  prized  by  collectors.  Found  in 
very  few  collections. 

Colt’s  Patent  “House  Pistol.”  A four-shot,  breech-loading  revol- 
ver, cal.  .41  Using  a rim-fire  metallic  cartridge,  known  as 
the  “Derringer”  cartridge.  Weight,  14J  ounces;  length, 
6 inches.  Cylinder  known  as  the  “Clover  Leaf,”  from  its 
shape;  brass  frame.  A powerful  weapon.  Stamped  on  top  of 
barrel,  “COLT’S  PATENT  HOUSE  PISTOL.”  “COLT’S 
FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

Note. — The  type  of  pistol  used  in  the  Stokes-Fisk  affair. 


U8 


COLLECTION  OF  FIRE-ARMS 


700  Colt's  “New  Model”  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Five  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge.  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT'S  PATENT 
FIRE-ARMS  MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.”  From 
battle-field  of  Gettysburg. 

701  Colt's  “New  Model"  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper 

cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT'S  FIRE-ARMS 
MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

702  Colt's  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Five  shots,  percussion,  paper  cartridge. 

Unfinished,  showing  process  of  manufacture.  From  Colt’s 
Armory. 

703  Colt’s  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper  cart- 

ridge. Samuel  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 

Note. — This  revolver  was  used  more  than  all  others  by 
Federal  troops,  and  by  many  Confederates  in  the  Civil 
War. 

704  Colt’s  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper  cartridge. 

Colt’s  patent.  Stamped  on  top  of  the  barrel,  “ADDRESS 
i . COL.  SAMUEL  COLT,  NEW  YORK,  U.  S.  AMERICA.” 
From  thq  battle-field  of  N ewbnrn.  N’-  C. 

705  “Savage”  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .3625  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper 

cartridge;  double  action;  ring  trigger.  H.  S.  North’s  patent, 
No.  1 5, 244.,  June  17^  1S56;  North  & Savage,  No.  22,666,  Jan. 
18th,  1859,  and  Savage  & North,  No.  28,331,  May  15th,  i860. 
Marked,  “SAVAGE  R.  F.  A.  CO.,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.” 
Note. — Contracts  for  5500  of  these  were  issued  by  the  gov- 
ernment in  1861,  costing  $20  each. 

706  Wesson  & Leavitt's  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper 

cartridge;  small  size;  cylinder  revolves  to  the  left.  Patented 
by  Wesson  & Leavitt.  Marked,  “MASSACHUSETTS 
ARMS  CO.,  CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS.”  Civil  Wrar  relic 
from  Gettysburg. 

707  Joslyn  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Five  shots,  percussion,  paper  cart- 

ridge. B.  F.  Joslyn’s  patent,  No.  20,160,  May  4th,  1858. 
Marked,  “JOSLYN  ARMS  CO.,  STONINGTON,  CONN.” 
Saw  service  in  War  of  Rebellion,  in  Federal  Army. 

708  Warner  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Six  shots,  percussion,  paper  cartridge. 

J.  Warner’s  patent.  No.  15,202,  June  24th,  1856  (reissued,  No. 
2223,  April  10th,  1866).  Marked,  “SPRINGFIELD  ARMS 
CO.,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.”  Civil  Wrar  relic.  Engraved, 
“CAPT.  P.  FRANZ.  COMPANY  F.  13TH  REG’T.” 


139 


UNITED  STATES  CARTRIDGE  CO. 


709  "Colt’s  New  Model”  Revolver,  cal.  .31  Percussion,  five  shots, 

paper  cartridge.  Finely  engraved.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.”  Civil  War  relic. 

710  Colt’s  Navy  Revolver,  cal.  .36  Percussion,  six  shots,  paper  cart- 

ridge. Samuel  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.”  Civil  War  relic. 

71 1 Colt’s  Old  Model  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.”  Used  in  the 
Mexican  War. 

712  Colt’s  Old  Model  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots,  percussion, 

paper  cartridge.  S.  Colt’s  patent.  Marked,  “COLT’S  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.”  From  battle-field 
of  Hatcher’s  Run,  Va.,  Feb.  6th,  1865. 

713  Colt’s  Army  Revolver,  cal.  .44  Six  shots.  Altered  from  paper  to 

metallic  cartridge.  Marked,  “COLT’S  PATENT  FIRE- 
ARMS MFG.  CO.,  HARTFORD,  CONN.” 


EXHIBIT  O.  COEHORN  MORTAR. 

Bore,  5!  inches;  named  after  its  inventor,  Baron  Coehorn.  It  has 
two  handles,  and  may  be  carried  by  two  men  for  short  distances.  Used 
for  throwing  bombs,  shells,  etc.  It  was  in  the  service  at  Yorktown,  Va., 
April  30  to  May  4,  1864,  and  in  many  other  battles  during  the  Civil  War. 


140 


JAMES  S.CONANT  CO. 


125  SUMMER  ST. 
BOSTON. 


